人為的な要因による死者数一覧のソースを表示

{{翻訳中途|1=[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_wars_and_anthropogenic_disasters_by_death_toll&oldid=952951402 List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll]|date=2020年4月}}
以下は[[世界の歴史|世界史]]における'''人為的な要因による死者数一覧'''である。一覧では、出来事の名前、場所、それぞれの出来事の開始と終了の時期についても述べている。いくつかの出来事については、含まれるカテゴリーが一つ以上になる場合もある。また、いくつかの出来事では、他の出来事と重なっている場合もあり、小さな出来事における死者数がさらに大きな出来事の中で発生した一部であることもある。

死者数はほとんどの場合、多くの不確実な部分がある。表では、低い推定値と高い推定値の[[幾何平均|相乗平均]]の順に並べてある。例えば、低い推定値が500人、高い推定値が2000人であったとき<math>\sqrt{500 \cdot 2000} = 1000</math>となる.

==戦争・武力衝突==
{{main|戦闘の死傷者数一覧}}
ここでは、高い推定値による死者数が10万人以上となる全ての戦争について一覧を載せる。これには軍人と民間人の両方の死者数が含まれる。直接、戦争によって死亡しただけでなく、それによって引き起こされた戦闘、病気、飢餓、虐殺、自殺、ジェノサイドによる死者も含む。{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}

{| style="width:100%;" class="sortable wikitable"
|- style="background:#CCCC;"
! style="width:12%;" | 出来事
! data-sort-type="number" | 低い推定!! style="width:7%;" data-sort-type="number" | 高い推定
! data-sort-type="number" | 相乗平均<ref name="Pinto 2014 173–180">{{Cite journal2|title=Casualties Distribution in Human and Natural Hazards|publisher=Springer Netherlands|journal=Mathematical Methods in Engineering|date=2014|isbn=978-94-007-7182-6|pages=173–180|first=Carla M. A.|last=Pinto|first2=A. Mendes|last2=Lopes|first3=J.A. Tenreiro|last3=Machado|editor-first=Nuno Miguel Fonseca|editor-last=Ferreira|editor2-first=José António Tenreiro|editor2-last=Machado|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-7183-3_16}}</ref>!! style="width:20%;" | 場所 !! style="width:5%;" | 開始 !! style="width:5%;" data-sort-="" type="number" | 終了 !! style="width:5%;" data-sort-="" type="number" | 期間 !! style="width:25%;" | 備考、関連
|-
|[[第二次世界大戦]]
|{{nts|60000000}}
|{{nts|118357000}}<ref name="Fink">{{Cite book2|title=Stress of War, Conflict and Disaster|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rOq4XV94wLsC|publisher=Academic Press|date=2010|isbn=978-0-12-381382-4|first=George|last=Fink}}</ref>
|{{nts|84269920}}

|世界全体
|{{nts|1939|format=no}}
|{{ntsh|6.003}}1945
|6年と1日
|[[第二次世界大戦の犠牲者]]も参照
|-
|[[三国時代 (中国)|三国時代]]
|36,000,000
|40,000,000
|37,947,332
|[[中国]]
|{{nts|184|format=no}}
|{{nts|280|format=no}}
|{{nts|96}}年
|学術的に、三国時代とは、220年に魏の国が成立し、280年に晋が呉の国を征服するまでの期間を指す。184年から220年までの「非公式な」期間は、中国各地での武将同士の無秩序な争いが特徴である。
{{See also|End of the Han dynasty}}
|-
|[[モンゴル帝国]]による征服
|{{nts|30000000}}<ref name="White">{{Cite web |title=Twentieth Century Atlas - Historical Body Count |url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Yuan |website=necrometrics.com |access-date=2024-11-05}}</ref><wbr />
|{{nts|57000000}}<ref name=":2">Ping-ti Ho, "An Estimate of the Total Population of Sung-Chin China", in ''Études Song'', Series 1, No 1, (1970) pp. 33–53.</ref><ref name=":58">McEvedy, Colin; Jones, Richard M. (1978). ''Atlas of World Population History''. New York, NY: Puffin. p. 172. {{ISBN2|9780140510768}}.</ref><ref name=":3">Graziella Caselli, Gillaume Wunsch, Jacques Vallin (2005). "''Demography: Analysis and Synthesis, Four Volume Set: A Treatise in Population''". Academic Press. p.34. {{ISBN2|0-12-765660-X}}</ref><ref name=":59">{{Cite web2|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mongol-Siege-of-Kaifeng|title=Mongol Siege of Kaifeng {{!}} Summary|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-02-04}}</ref><ref name=":60">Wheelis M. Biological Warfare at the 1346 Siege of Caffa. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2002;8(9):971–975. doi:10.3201/eid0809.010536.</ref><ref name=":4">Morgan, D. O. (1979). The Mongol Armies in Persia. ''Der Islam'', ''56''(1), 81–96.</ref><ref name=":5">Halperin, C. J. (1987). ''Russia and the Golden Horde: the Mongol impact on medieval Russian history'' (Vol. 445). Indiana University Press.</ref>
|{{nts|34641016}}
|[[ユーラシア]]
|{{nts|1206|format=no}}
|{{nts|1405|format=no}}
|{{nts|199}}年
|[[モンゴル帝国]]、[[Destruction under the Mongol Empire]]も参照
|-
|[[ヨーロッパ諸国によるアメリカ大陸の植民地化]]
|{{nts|8400000}}<ref name="BXScience">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.bxscience.edu/ourpages/auto/2009/4/5/34767803/Pre-Columbian%20population.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107012827/http://www.bxscience.edu/ourpages/auto/2009/4/5/34767803/Pre-Columbian%20population.pdf|url-status=dead|access-date=2016-01-07|archive-date=January 7, 2016 |title=Pre-Columbian Population}}</ref>
|{{nts|138000000}} <ref name="American Philosophy 1491">''American Philosophy: From Wounded Knee to the Present''; Erin McKenna, Scott L. Pratt; Bloomsbury; 2015, pg. 375; "It is also apparent that the shared history of the hemisphere is one framed by the dual tragedies of genocide and slavery, both of which are part of the legacy of the European invasions of the past 500 years. Indigenous people north and south were displaced, died of disease, and were killed by Europeans through slavery, rape and war. In 1491, about 145 million people lived in the western hemisphere. By 1691, the population of indigenous Americans had declined by 90–95 percent."</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=December 2019}}
|{{nts|34047026}}
|[[アメリカ州|南北アメリカ]]
|{{nts|1492|format=no}}
|{{nts|1691|format=no}}
|{{nts|199}}年
|死亡者数の推定値は、コロンブス以前の先住民の人口規模についての統一見解がないために異なっている。死亡率の90%は主に病気によるものである{{efn|These death toll estimates vary due to lack of consensus as to the [[Population history of indigenous peoples of the Americas|demographic size of the native population pre-Columbus]], which some say might never be accurately determined. Modern scholarship tend to side with the higher estimates, but there is still variance based on calculation methods used. Even using conservative populations estimates, however, "one dreadful conclusion is inescapable: the 150 years after Columbus's arrival brought a toll on human life in this hemisphere comparable to all of the world's losses during World War II. ... Against the alien agents of disease, the indigenous people never had a chance. Their immune systems were unprepared to fight smallpox and measles, malaria and yellow fever. [[Native American disease and epidemics|The epidemics]] that resulted have been well documented."<ref name="NYT3">{{Cite news2|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/29/science/don-t-blame-columbus-for-all-the-indians-ills.html|title=Don't Blame Columbus for All the Indians' Ills|date=October 29, 2002|work=The New York Times}}</ref> A small industry of researchers in recent years have focused their attention on Native American population size in 1492, and the subsequent decimation of the population after contact with Europeans.<ref>Richard H. Steckel and Jerome C. Rose: ''The Backbone of History Health and Nutrition in the Western Hemisphere'', Cambridge University Press; 1st edition; pg. 79; {{ISBN2|9780521617444}}</ref> They have stated that their findings in no way diminish the "dreadful impact Old World diseases had on the people of the New World. But it suggests that the New World was hardly a healthful Eden." For example, they note that as the previously thriving indigenous peoples became more urbanized and less mobile, they succumbed to the same declining sanitation and health conditions of other urban cultures, including tuberculosis. The researchers stress, however, that "their findings in no way mitigated the responsibility of Europeans as bearers of disease devastating to native societies."<ref name="NYT3" />}}。大規模な人口減少は[[小氷期]]をもたらした<ref>{{Cite journal2|last1=Koch|first1=Alexander|last2=Brierley|first2=Chris|last3=Maslin|first3=Mark M.|last4=Lewis|first4=Simon L.|year=2019|title=Earth system impacts of the European arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|volume=207|pages=13–36|bibcode=2019QSRv..207...13K|doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.004|doi-access=free}}</ref>。
|-
|[[太平天国の乱]]
|{{nts|10000000}}<ref name="auto5">{{Cite book2|last=Werner|first=Gruhl|title=Imperial Japan's World War Two: 1931–1945|date=2007|publisher=Transaction Publishers|page=181|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ow5Wlmu9MPQC&pg=PA181|isbn=978-0-7658-0352-8}}</ref>
|{{nts|100000000}}<ref name="auto6">{{Cite web2|url=http://taipingrebellion.com|title=The Taiping Rebellion 1850–1871 Tai Ping Tian Guo|work=Taipingrebellion.com|accessdate=August 23, 2013}}</ref><ref name="auto9">Livre noir du Communisme: crimes, terreur, répression, page 468.<!-- ISSN/ISBN, author(s), publisher, year needed --></ref><ref name="auto10">William J. Gingles, ''By Train to Shanghai: A Journey on the Trans-Siberian Railway'', pg. 259<!-- ISSN/ISBN, publisher, year needed --></ref>
|{{nts|31622777}}
|中国
|{{nts|1851|format=no}}
|{{nts|1864|format=no}}
|{{nts|14}}年
|[[清]]も参照
|-
|[[明清交替]]
|{{nts|25000000}}<ref name="Alan Macfarlane">{{Cite book2|author=Alan Macfarlane|title=The Savage Wars of Peace: England, Japan and the Malthusian Trap|date=May 28, 1997 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|isbn=978-0-631-18117-0|url=https://archive.org/details/savagewarsofpeac0000macf}}</ref>
|{{nts|25000000}}
|{{nts|25000000}}
|中国
|{{nts|1618|format=no}}
|{{nts|1683|format=no}}
|{{nts|65}}年
|[[清]]も参照
|-
|[[安史の乱]]
|13,020,000
|36,000,000
|21,633,308
|中国
|{{nts|755|format=no}}
|{{nts|763|format=no}}
|{{nts|8}}年
|安禄山の乱とも呼ばれる。
|-
|[[第一次世界大戦]]
|[[第一次世界大戦の犠牲者|{{nts|17500000}}]]<ref name="Nash">{{Cite book2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3KglCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA775|title=Darkest Hours|last1=Nash|date=1976|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-59077-526-4|page=775}}</ref>
|{{nts|40000000}}+<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.centre-robert-schuman.org/userfiles/files/REPERES%20%E2%80%93%20module%201-1-1%20-%20explanatory%20notes%20%E2%80%93%20World%20War%20I%20casualties%20%E2%80%93%20EN.pdf |title=World War I casualties |access-date=2024-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222103326/http://www.centre-robert-schuman.org/userfiles/files/REPERES%20%E2%80%93%20module%201-1-1%20-%20explanatory%20notes%20%E2%80%93%20World%20War%20I%20casualties%20%E2%80%93%20EN.pdf |archive-date=2014-12-22}}</ref>
|{{nts|23568559}}
|世界全体
|{{nts|1914|format=no}}
|{{nts|1918|format=no}}
|4年3ヶ月1週
|
|-
|[[ティムール]]による征服
|{{nts|8000000}}<wbr /><ref name=":65">{{Cite web2|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Timur|title=Timur Lenk (1369–1405)|website=Necrometrics|first=Matthew|last=White|accessdate=January 24, 2011}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceF">{{Cite web2|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Asian|title=Miscellaneous Oriental Atrocities|website=Necrometrics|first=Matthew|last=White|accessdate=January 24, 2011}}</ref>
|{{nts|17000000}}<wbr /><ref name="The Rehabilitation Of Tamerlane">{{Cite news2|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1999-01-17/news/9901170256_1_uzbek-islam-karimov-tashkent|work=Chicago Tribune|title=The Rehabilitation Of Tamerlane|date=January 17, 1999}}</ref><ref name="J.J. Saunders 1971 174">{{Cite book2|author=J.J. Saunders|authorlink=John Joseph Saunders|title=The History of the Mongol Conquests|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nFx3OlrBMpQC&pg=PA174|year=1971|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd.|isbn=0-8122-1766-7|page=174}}</ref>
|{{nts|11661904}}
|[[中央アジア]]、[[中東]]、[[南アジア]]
|{{nts|1370|format=no}}
|{{nts|1405|format=no}}
|{{nts|35}}年
|当時の世界人口の5%にまで及ぶ。
|-
|[[日中戦争]]
|{{nts|5726000}}<ref name=":52">中華民國行政院賠償委員會 (1947年5月20日) (中国語), 中華民國行政賠償委員會在第四屆國民參政會第三次大會上的報告. 前揭1946年中華民國國防部調查</ref><ref name=":54">國祥 (1995年3月). “關於抗日戰爭中我國軍民傷亡數字問題” (中国語). ''抗日戰爭研究'' (03期).</ref><ref name=":55">太平洋戦争研究会、森山康平『図説 日中戦争』河出書房新社、2000年,p172</ref>
|{{nts|21320000}}<ref name=":56">解放軍軍事科学院軍歴史研究部、中国抗日戦争史・下巻</ref><ref name=":57">{{Cite book|和書 |title=戦争: 中国侵略. |publisher=読売新聞社 |page=pp. 186}}</ref>
|{{nts|11048906}}
|中国
|{{nts|1937|format=no}}
|{{nts|1945|format=no}}
|{{nts|8}}年
|[[第二次世界大戦]]の一部。
|-
|[[回民蜂起]]
|{{nts|8000000}}
|{{nts|12000000}}
|{{nts|9797959}}
|[[清]]
|{{nts|1862|format=no}}
|{{nts|1877|format=no}}
|{{nts|15}}年
|[[清]]も参照
|-
|[[国共内戦]]
|{{nts|8000000}}<ref name="Michael Lynch">{{Cite book2|author=Michael Lynch|title=The Chinese Civil War 1945–49|year=2010|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-84176-671-3}}</ref>||{{nts|11692000}}<ref name=":12" />
|{{nts|9671401}}
|中国
|{{nts|1927|format=no}}
|{{nts|1949|format=no}}
|{{nts|22}}年
|
|-
|[[レコンキスタ]]
|7,000,000
|7,000,000
|7,000,000
|[[イベリア半島]]
|{{nts|711|format=no}}
|{{nts|1492|format=no}}
|{{nts|781}}年
|一つの戦争とは考えられていない。
|-
|[[ロシア内戦]]
|{{nts|5000000}}<wbr />
|{{nts|9000000}}<ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUScivilwar.htm|title=Russian Civil War|work=Spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk|accessdate=August 23, 2013 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205201225/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUScivilwar.htm|archivedate=December 5, 2010}}</ref>
|{{nts|6708204}}
|[[ロシア]]
|{{nts|1917|format=no}}
|{{nts|1921|format=no}}
|{{nts|5}}年
| [[ロシア革命]]、[[List of civil wars]]も参照
|-
|[[三十年戦争]]
|{{nts|3000000}}<ref name=":75">{{Cite web2|url=https://civilianmilitaryintelligencegroup.com/21865/the-thirty-years-war-produced-astonishing-casualties|title=The Thirty Years War Produced Astonishing Casualties|date=August 10, 2016|publisher=Civilian Military Intelligence Group|access-date=2018-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204000718/https://civilianmilitaryintelligencegroup.com/21865/the-thirty-years-war-produced-astonishing-casualties|archive-date=2018-02-04}}</ref>
|{{nts|11500000}}<ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#30YrW|title=The Thirty Years War (1618–48)|work=Users.erols.com|accessdate=August 23, 2013}}</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}
|{{nts|5673870}}
|[[神聖ローマ帝国]]
|{{nts|1618|format=no}}
|{{nts|1648|format=no}}
|{{nts|30}}年
| 当初は[[カトリック教会|カトリック]]と[[プロテスタント]]の[[宗教戦争]]であったが、ヨーロッパ全体の政治戦争となった。[[ヨーロッパ史|ヨーロッパの歴史]]の中で最も長く、最も破壊的な紛争の一つである{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}。
|-
|[[デカン戦争]]
|{{nts|5600000}}{{要出典|date=2024年8月}}
|{{nts|5600000}}
|{{nts|5600000}}
|インド
|{{nts|1680|format=no}}
|{{nts|1707|format=no}}
|{{nts|27}}年
|
|-
|[[ナポレオン戦争]]
|{{nts|3500000}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nineteenth Century Death Tolls |url=http://necrometrics.com/wars19c.htm#Napoleonic |website=necrometrics.com |access-date=2024-11-05}}</ref>
|{{nts|7000000}}<ref>Charles Esdaile, ''Napoleon's Wars: An International History''.</ref>
|{{nts|4949747}}
|ヨーロッパ、大西洋、太平洋、インド洋
|{{nts|1803|format=no}}
|{{nts|1815|format=no}}
|{{nts|13}}年
|[[Napoleonic Wars casualties]]も参照
|-
|[[黄巾の乱]]
|{{nts|3000000}}<ref name="turban" />
|{{nts|7000000}}<ref name="turban">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.paranormalknowledge.com/articles/mankinds-worst-wars-and-armed-conflicts.html|title=Mankind's Worst Wars and Armed Conflicts|accessdate=December 7, 2010}}</ref>
|{{nts|4582576}}
|中国
|{{nts|184}}
|{{nts|205}}
|{{nts|22}}年
| [[三国時代 (中国)|三国時代]]の一部。
|-
|[[第二次コンゴ戦争]]
|{{nts|2500000}}<ref name=":79">Bethany Lacina and Nils Petter Gleditsch, [http://www.eui.eu/Documents/DepartmentsCentres/SPS/Seminars/SeminarsF09/PVSEMF08/LacinaGleditschMonitoringTrendsInGlobalCombatEJP2005.pdf "Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths]," ''European Journal of Population'' (2005) 21: 145–66.</ref>
|{{nts|5400000}}<ref>[http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L22802012.htm "Congo war-driven crisis kills 45,000 a month-study"] – ''[[Reuters]]'', 22 Jan 2008.</ref>
|{{nts|3674235}}
|[[コンゴ民主共和国]]
|{{nts|1998|format=no}}
|{{nts|2003|format=no}}
|{{nts|6}}年
|
|-
|[[朝鮮戦争]]
|{{nts|1500000}}<ref name="PRIO Korean War">{{Cite web2|last=Lacina|first=Bethany|url=https://files.prio.org/ReplicationData/BattleDeathsDataset/PRIO%20Battle%20Deaths%20Dataset%203.0%20Documentation.pdf|title=The PRIO Battle Deaths Dataset, 1946-2008, Version 3.0|publisher=[[Peace Research Institute Oslo]]|date=September 2009|pp=359–362|accessdate=August 30, 2019}}</ref>
|{{nts|4500000}}<ref name="PRIO Korean War" />
|{{nts|3000000}}
|[[朝鮮半島]]
|{{nts|1950|format=no}}
|{{nts|1953|format=no}}
|{{nts|4}}年
| [[冷戦]]の一部と分類される。現在休戦中。
|-
|[[ユグノー戦争]]
|{{nts|2000000}}
|{{nts|4000000}}<ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#Huguenot|title=Huguenot Religious Wars, Catholic vs. Huguenot (1562–1598)|work=Users.erols.com|accessdate=August 23, 2013}}</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}
|{{nts|2828427}}
|[[フランス]]
|{{nts|1562|format=no}}
|{{nts|1598|format=no}}
|{{nts|37}}年
|[[カトリック教会|カトリック]]と[[ユグノー]]（[[フランス]]の[[カルヴァン主義|カルヴァン派]][[プロテスタント]]）の間の大規模な[[宗教戦争]]。
|-
|[[インド大反乱]]
|{{nts|800000}}
|{{nts|10000000}}
|{{nts|2828427}}
|インド
|{{nts|1857|format=no}}
|{{nts|1858|format=no}}
|{{nts|1}}年
|
|-
|[[百年戦争]]
|{{nts|2300000}}<ref>{{Cite book2|title=Landscapes in History|author=Philip Pregill|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-29328-6|date=January 25, 1999}}</ref>
|{{nts|3300000}}<ref>{{Cite book2|title=France in the Sixteenth Century|author=Frederic Baumgartner|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0-312-15856-9|date=November 14, 1995}}</ref>
|{{nts|2754995}}
|[[西ヨーロッパ]]
|{{nts|1337|format=no}}
|{{nts|1453|format=no}}
|{{nts|116}}年
|[[百年戦争の歴史 (1337-1360)]]、
[[Hundred Years' War (1369–89)|Caroline War (1369–1389)]]、[[Hundred Years' War (1415–53)|Lancastrian War (1415–1453)]]
|-
|[[ベトナム戦争]]
|{{nts|966000}}<ref name=":73">{{Cite journal2|last1=Hirschman|first1=Charles|last2=Preston|first2=Samuel|last3=Loi|first3=Vu Manh|url=http://faculty.washington.edu/charles/new%20PUBS/A77.pdf|title=Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate|journal=[[Population and Development Review]]|volume=21|issue=4|date=December 1995|pp=783–812}}</ref>
|{{nts|3800000}}<ref name=":74">{{Cite journal2|last1=Obermeyer|first1=Ziad|last2=Murray|first2=Christopher J.L.|last3=Gakidou|first3=Emmanuela|url=http://www.bmj.com/content/336/7659/1482|title=Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme|journal=[[The BMJ]]|volume=336|issue=7659|pages=1482–1486|date=June 26, 2008 |doi=10.1136/bmj.a137|pmid=18566045|pmc=2440905}}</ref>
|{{nts|2383000}}
|[[東南アジア]]
|{{nts|1955|format=no}}
|{{nts|1975|format=no}}
|{{nts|21}}年
|[[冷戦]]と[[第一次インドシナ戦争]]にあたる。
|-
|[[十字軍]]
|{{nts|1000000}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=WAR STATS REDIRECT |url=http://users.rcn.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#Crusades |website=users.rcn.com |access-date=2024-11-05}}</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}
|{{nts|3000000}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=WAR STATS REDIRECT |url=http://users.rcn.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#Crusades |website=users.rcn.com |access-date=2024-11-05}}</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}
|{{nts|2000000}}
|[[パレスチナ]]、[[ヨーロッパ]]
|{{nts|1095|format=no}}
|{{nts|1291|format=no}}
|{{nts|196}}年
| [[キリスト教]]勢力による[[中東]]への遠征。
|-
|[[ビアフラ戦争]]
|{{nts|1000000}}
|{{nts|3000000}}<wbr />{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
|{{nts|2000000}}
|[[ナイジェリア]]
|{{nts|1966|format=no}}
|{{nts|1970|format=no}}
|{{nts|4}}年
|内戦による[[イボ人]]の民族浄化。
|-
|[[Mfecane|ムフェカネ]]
|{{nts|1500000}}<ref name="horriblethings">{{Cite book2|author=Matthew White|author-link=Matthew White (historian)|year=2012|title=The Great Big Book of Horrible Things: The Definitive Chronicle of History's 100 Worst Atrocities|publisher=W. W. Norton|pages=529–530|isbn=978-0-393-08192-3}}</ref>
|{{nts|2000000}}<ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://www.historynet.com/wars_conflicts/19_century/3032216.html?page=4&c=y|title=Shaka: Zulu Chieftain|work=Historynet.com|accessdate=August 23, 2013 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209113856/http://www.historynet.com/wars_conflicts/19_century/3032216.html?page=4&c=y|archivedate=February 9, 2008}}</ref>
|{{nts|1750000}}
|[[南アフリカ共和国|南アフリカ]]
|{{nts|1816|format=no}}
|{{nts|1828|format=no}}
|{{nts|13}}年
|[[Ndwandwe–Zulu War]]
|-
|[[ポエニ戦争]]
|{{nts|1250000}}<ref>Nigel Bagnall., "The Punic Wars", June 23, 2005.</ref>||{{nts|1850000}}
|{{nts|1520691}}
|[[地中海]]
|{{ntsh|-264}}264 BC
|{{ntsh|-146}}146 BC
|{{nts|118}}年
| [[カルタゴ]]、[[共和政ローマ]]も参照
|-
|[[第二次スーダン内戦]]
|{{nts|1000000}}<ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://www.refugees.org/news/crisis/sudan.htm|title=Sudan: Nearly 2 million dead as a result of the world's longest running civil war|accessdate=December 10, 2004 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041210024759/http://www.refugees.org/news/crisis/sudan.htm|archivedate=December 10, 2004}}, U.S. Committee for Refugees, 2001. Archived December 10, 2004 on the [[Internet Archive]]. Retrieved April 10, 2007</ref>
|{{nts|2000000}}
|{{nts|1414214}}
|[[スーダン]]
|{{nts|1983|format=no}}
|{{nts|2005|format=no}}
|{{nts|23}}年
|[[第一次スーダン内戦]]
|-
|[[秦の統一戦争]]
|{{nts|2000000}}
|{{nts|2000000}}<ref>{{YouTube|id=jkIcFW7F7LY&t=420s|title=[Documentary] Qin Dynasty (221 – 206 BC) -Terracotta Army 秦兵马俑}}</ref>
|{{nts|2000000}}
|中国
|{{ntsh|-230|format=no}} 230 BC
|{{ntsh|-221|format=no}} 221 BC
|{{nts|9}}年
|[[中国の歴史]]も参照<ref>[[Derk Bodde]], ''China's First Unifier: A Study in the Ch'in Dynasty as Seen in the Life of Li Ssu, 280? – 208 BC'', Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1967, pp. 5–6.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref><ref>Chris Peers estimates that 1,500,000 were killed before the last campaign in 230–221 BC, ''Warlords of China, 700 BC to AD 1662'', London: Arms and Armour, 1998, pg. 59.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
|-
|[[文禄・慶長の役]]
|{{nts|1000000}}<ref name=":53">{{Cite book|和書 |title=Horizons. History 241W: Asian History from the 15th Century to Present. |year=1997 |publisher=Kapiolani Community College |author=Pang., Loretta}}</ref>
|3,440,000<ref name=":2" />
|{{nts|1854724}}
|[[朝鮮]]
|{{nts|1592|format=no}}
|{{nts|1598|format=no}}
|{{nts|7}}年
|
|-
|[[七年戦争]]
|{{nts|868000}}
|{{nts|1400000}}
|{{nts|1102361}}
|世界全体
|{{nts|1756|format=no}}
|{{nts|1763|format=no}}
|{{nts|7}}年
|
|-
|[[アフガニスタン紛争 (1978年-1989年)|ソ連・アフガン戦争]]
|{{nts|600000}}<ref name="whiteafghan">{{Cite web2|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm#Afghanistan|title=Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century|work=Necrometrics.com|accessdate=September 24, 2012}}</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}
|{{nts|2000000}}<ref name="whiteafghan" /><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}
|{{nts|1095445}}
|[[アフガニスタン]]
|{{nts|1980|format=no}}
|{{nts|1988|format=no}}
|{{nts|9}}年
| [[冷戦]]中の[[代理戦争]]とも言われる。
[[アフガニスタン紛争]]の一部。
|-
|[[フランス革命戦争]]
|{{nts|1000000}}
|1,000,000
|{{nts|1000000}}
|世界全体
|{{nts|1792|format=no}}
|{{nts|1802|format=no}}
|{{nts|10}}年
|
|-
|[[メキシコ革命]]
|{{nts|500000}}<ref name="Mexdeaths">{{Cite book2|last=Buchenau|first=Jürgen|title=Mexico Otherwise: Modern Mexico in the Eyes of Foreign Observers|url=https://books.google.com/?id=kxRMQXQuKYMC&pg=PA146|year=2005|publisher=UNM Press|isbn=0-8263-2313-8|page=285}}</ref>
|{{nts|2000000}}<ref name="Mexdeaths" />
|{{nts|1000000}}
|[[メキシコ]]、[[アメリカ合衆国]]
|{{nts|1911|format=no}}
|{{nts|1920|format=no}}
|{{nts|10}}年
| [[パンチョ・ビリャ]]の蜂起と[[Battle of Columbus (1916)|Columbus Raid]]を含む。
|-
|イタリアによるアフリカの角の征服
|{{nts|1000000}}
|1,000,000
|{{nts|1000000}}
|[[アフリカの角]]
|{{nts|1924|format=no}}
|{{nts|1940|format=no}}
|{{nts|16}}年
|
|-
|[[パンゼーの乱]]
|{{nts|890000}}<wbr />{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
|{{nts|1000000}}
|{{nts|943398}}
|中国
|{{nts|1856|format=no}}
|{{nts|1873|format=no}}
|{{nts|18}}年
|
|-
|[[清教徒革命]]
|876,000
|876,000
|876,000
|[[ブリテン諸島]]
|{{nts|1639|format=no}}
|{{nts|1651|format=no}}
|{{nts|12}}年
|
|-
|[[メフメト2世]]による征服
|873,000 
|873,000
|873,000{{要出典|date=2024年8月}}
|[[東ヨーロッパ]]
|{{nts|1451|format=no}}
|{{nts|1481|format=no}}
|{{nts|30}}年
|
|-
|[[エリトリア独立戦争|エチオピア内戦]]
|{{nts|500000}}
|{{nts|1500000}}
|{{nts|866025}}
|[[エチオピア]]
|{{nts|1974|format=no}}
|{{nts|1991|format=no}}
|{{nts|17}}年
|
|-
|[[ユダヤ戦争]]
|{{nts|350000}}
|{{nts|2000000}}
|{{nts|836660}}
|[[ローマ帝国]]
|{{nts|66|format=no}}
|{{nts|136|format=no}}
|{{nts|70}}年
|[[ローマ帝国]]も参照
|-
|[[南北戦争]]
|{{nts|650000}}
|{{nts|1000000}}
|{{nts|800000}}
|[[アメリカ合衆国南東部]]、[[ペンシルベニア州]]
|{{nts|1861|format=no}}
|{{nts|1865|format=no}}
|{{nts|4}}年
|[[アメリカ合衆国]]も参照
|-
|[[アルジェリア戦争]]
|{{nts|350000}}
|{{nts|1500000}}
|{{nts|724569}}
|[[アルジェリア]]
|{{nts|1954|format=no}}
|{{nts|1962|format=no}}
|{{ntsh|7.38}}7年4ヶ月2週4 日
|<ref name="Horne 538">{{Cite book2|first=Alistair|last=Horne|pages=[https://archive.org/details/savagewarofpeace00horn/page/538 538]|title=A Savage War of Peace|isbn=0-670-61964-7|url=https://archive.org/details/savagewarofpeace00horn/page/538|year=1978}}</ref>
|-
|[[スペイン継承戦争]]
|{{nts|400000}}
|{{nts|1251000}}
|{{nts|707389}}
|[[ヨーロッパ]]、[[北アメリカ]]、[[南アメリカ]]
|{{nts|1702|format=no}}
|{{nts|1714|format=no}}
|{{nts|12}}年
|
|-
|[[スペイン内戦]]
|{{nts|500000}}
|{{nts|1000000}}
|{{nts|707107}}
|[[スペイン]]
|{{nts|1936|format=no}}
|{{nts|1939|format=no}}
|{{nts|4}}年
|
|-
|[[八十年戦争]]
|{{nts|230000}}
|{{nts|2000000}}
|{{nts|678233}}
|[[ネーデルラント]]、[[南アメリカ]]、[[カリブ海]]、[[東アジア]]、[[東南アジア]]
|{{nts|1568|format=no}}
|{{nts|1648|format=no}}
|{{nts|80}}年
|
|-
|[[ガリア戦争]]
|{{nts|400000}}<wbr />{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
|{{nts|1000000}}
|{{nts|632445}}
|[[フランス]]
|{{ntsh|-58}} 58 BC
|{{ntsh|-50}} 50 BC
|{{nts|9}}年
|ローマ帝国も参照
|-
|[[イスパノアメリカ独立戦争]]
|600,000
|600,000
|600,000
|[[アメリカ州|南北アメリカ]]
|{{nts|1808|format=no}}
|{{nts|1833|format=no}}
|{{nts|25}}年
|
|-
|[[パラグアイ戦争]]
|{{nts|300000}}<ref>Jurg Meister, Francisco Solano López Nationalheld oder Kriegsverbrecher?, Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag, 1987. 345, 355, 454–55</ref>
|{{nts|1200000}}<ref>Another estimate is that from the pre-war population of 1,337,437, the population fell to 221,709 (28,746 men, 106,254 women, 86,079 children) by the end of the war (War and the Breed, David Starr Jordan, pg. 164. Boston, 1915; Applied Genetics, Paul Popenoe, The Macmillan Company, New York, 1918)</ref>
|{{nts|600000}}
|[[コーノ・スール]]
|{{nts|1864|format=no}}
|{{nts|1870|format=no}}
|{{nts|7}}年
|[[Military history of South America]]、
[[フランシスコ・ソラーノ・ロペス]]、

[[ルイス・アルヴェス・デ・リマ・エ・シルヴァ (カシアス公爵)|カシアス公爵ルイス・アルヴェス・デ・リマ・エ・シルヴァ]]
|-
|[[イラン・イラク戦争]]
|{{nts|289220}}{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}
|{{nts|1100000}}{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}
|{{nts|564041}}
|イラン・イラク国境
|{{nts|1980|format=no}}
|{{nts|1988|format=no}}
|{{nts|8}}年
|イランの主張では、123,220人の軍人と11,000人の民間人。
イラクの主張では、105,000人の軍人と50,000人のクルド人虐殺。

他の主張では、60万人のイラン人と50万人のイラク人。{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}
|-
|[[1812年ロシア戦役]]
|540,000
|540,000
|540,000
|[[ロシア]]
|{{nts|1812|format=no}}
|{{nts|1812|format=no}}
|{{ntsh|0.47}} 5ヶ月, 2週6日
|[[ナポレオン戦争]]の一部。
|-
|[[シリア内戦]]
|{{nts|500000}}
|{{nts|570000}}
|{{nts|535000}}
|[[シリア]]
|{{nts|2011|format=no}}
|{{ntsh|2019|format=no}} 現在
|{{ntsh|7.75}} 8年
|
|-
|[[イングランド内戦]]
|356,000
|735,000
|511,527
|[[イングランド]]
|{{nts|1642|format=no}}
|{{nts|1651|format=no}}
|{{nts|9}}年
|[[清教徒革命|三王国戦争]]の一部。
|-
|[[アンゴラ内戦]]
|504,158
|504,158
|504,158
|[[アンゴラ]]
|{{nts|1975|format=no}}
|{{nts|2002|format=no}}
|{{nts|27}}年
|
|-
|[[第一次スーダン内戦]]
|500,000
|500,000
|500,000
|[[スーダン]]
|{{nts|1955|format=no}}
|{{nts|1972|format=no}}
|{{nts|17}}年
|
|-
|[[対テロ戦争]]
|{{nts|480000}}<ref name="Crawford 2018">{{Cite web2|last=Crawford|first=Neta C.|url=https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2018/Human%20Costs,%20Nov%208%202018%20CoW.pdf|title=Human Cost of the Post-9/11 Wars: Lethality and the Need for Transparency|publisher=[[Brown University]] [[:en:Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs]]|date=November 2018|access-date=2023-10-06}}</ref>
| {{nts|507000}}<ref name="Crawford 2018" />
|{{nts|493500}}
|世界全体
|{{nts|2001|format=no}}
|{{ntsh|2019|format=no}} 現在
|{{ntsh|17.6}} 18年
|[[イラク戦争]]、[[アフガニスタン紛争 (2001年-2021年)]]、[[ワジリスタン紛争]]を含む。
|-
|[[米比戦争]]
|230,200<ref name=":86">Hack, Karl; Rettig, Tobias (2006). Colonial Armies in Southeast Asia (Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia). Abingdon-on-Thames, United Kingdom: Routledge. {{ISBN2|978-0-415-33413-6}}. p.172</ref><ref name=":87">Aguinaldo, E. (2016). ''A Second Look at America (Classic Reprint)''. Fb&c Limited. p. 131. ISBN <bdi>978-1-333-84114-0</bdi>. Retrieved November 17, 2022.</ref><ref name=":88">Ramsey, Robert D. III (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190116230209/https://usacac.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/carl/download/csipubs/ramsey_24.pdf ''Savage Wars of Peace: Case Studies of Pacification in the Philippines, 1900–1902'' (PDF)]. United States Army Combined Arms Center, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press. ISBN <bdi>978-0-16-078950-2</bdi>. Archived from [http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/carl/download/csipubs/ramsey_24.pdf the original (PDF)] on January 16, 2019. Retrieved December 11, 2016. p.103</ref><ref name=":89">Smallman-Raynor, Matthew; Cliff, Andrew D. (1998). "The Philippines insurrection and the 1902–4 cholera epidemic: Part I—Epidemiological diffusion processes in war". ''Journal of Historical Geography''. '''24''' (1): 69–89. doi:10.1006/jhge.1997.0077.</ref>
|1,024,200<ref name=":86" /><ref name=":91">{{Cite book |edition=1. print |title=Final solutions: mass killing and genocide in the twentieth century |publisher=Cornell Univ. Press |date=2005 |location=Ithaca, NY |isbn=978-0-8014-7273-2 |first=Benjamin A. |last=Valentino}}</ref>
|485,562
|[[フィリピン]]
|{{nts|1899|format=no}}
|{{nts|1902|format=no}}
|{{nts|3}}年
|
|-
|[[アルビジョア十字軍]]
|{{nts|200000}}
|{{nts|1000000}}
|{{nts|447214}}
|[[南フランス]]
|{{nts|1208|format=no}}
|{{nts|1229|format=no}}
|{{nts|21}}年
|
|-
|[[第一次コンゴ戦争]]
|250,000
|800,000
|447,214
|[[ザイール]]
|{{nts|1996|format=no}}
|{{nts|1997|format=no}}
|{{nts|1}}年
|
|-
|[[マラーター王国]]のベンガル侵攻
|400,000
|400,000
|400,000
|インド
|{{nts|1741|format=no}}
|{{nts|1751|format=no}}
|{{nts|10}}年
|
|-
|[[第一次インドシナ戦争]]
|400,000
|400,000
|400,000
|東南アジア
|{{nts|1946|format=no}}
|{{nts|1954|format=no}}
|{{nts|8}}年
|単にインドシナ戦争とも呼ばれる。
|-
|[[モザンビーク内戦]]
|175,500
|905,500
|397,540
|[[モザンビーク]]
|1975
|1987
|14年
|飢餓による死者も含む
|-
|[[継続戦争]]
|387,333
|387,333
|387,333
|[[北ヨーロッパ]]
|{{nts|1941|format=no}}
|{{nts|1944|format=no}}
|{{nts|3}}年
|[[第二次世界大戦]]の一部。
|-
|[[ソマリア内戦]]
|300,000
|500,000
|387,298
|[[ソマリア]]
|{{nts|1986|format=no}}
|{{ntsh|2019|format=no}} 現在
|{{nts|32}}年
|
|-
|[[クリミア戦争]]
|356,000
|410,000
|382,047
|[[クリミア半島]]
|{{nts|1853|format=no}}
|{{nts|1856|format=no}}
|{{nts|3}}年
|
|-
|[[イラク戦争]]
|{{nts|268000}}<ref name="Crawford 2018" />
|{{nts|461000}}<ref name="Hagopian">{{Cite journal2
| last       = Hagopian
| first      = Amy
| last2      = Flaxman
| first2     = Abraham D.
| last3      = Takaro
| first3     = Tim K.
| last4      = Esa Al Shatari
| first4     = Sahar A.
| last5      = Rajaratnam
| first5     = Julie
| last6      = Becker
| first6     = Stan
| last7      = Levin-Rector
| first7     = Alison
| last8      = Galway
| first8     = Lindsay
| last9      = Hadi Al-Yasseri
| first9     = Berq J. | last10 = Weiss | first10 = William M.
| last11     = Murray
| first11    = Christopher J.
| last12     = Burnham
| first12    = Gilbert
| last13     = Mills
| first13    = Edward J.
| title      = Mortality in Iraq Associated with the 2003–2011 War and Occupation: Findings from a National Cluster Sample Survey by the University Collaborative Iraq Mortality Study
| journal    = [[PLOS Medicine]]
| date       = October 15, 2013
| volume     = 10
| issue      = 10
| doi        = 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001533
| pages      = e1001533
| pmid       = 24143140
| pmc        = 3797136
}}</ref>
|{{nts|364500}}
|[[イラク]]
|{{nts|2003|format=no}}
|{{nts|2011|format=no}}
|{{nts|8}}年
|[[Casualties of the Iraq War]]も参照
[[対テロ戦争]]の一部。
|-
|[[第二次キューバ独立戦争]]
|362,000
|362,000
|362,000
|[[キューバ]]
|{{nts|1895|format=no}}
|{{nts|1898|format=no}}
|{{nts|3}}年
|
|-
|[[大北方戦争]]
|350,000
|350,000
|350,000
|北ヨーロッパ、東ヨーロッパ
|{{nts|1700|format=no}}
|{{nts|1721|format=no}}
|{{nts|21}}年
|
|-
|[[イタリア戦争]]
|300,000
|400,000
|346,410
|[[南ヨーロッパ]]
|{{nts|1494|format=no}}
|{{nts|1559|format=no}}
|{{nts|65}}年
|イタリア大戦争とも呼ばれる。
|-
|[[アルジェリア侵略]]
|300,000
|300,000
|300,000
|[[アルジェリア]]
|{{nts|1829|format=no}}
|{{nts|1847|format=no}}
|{{nts|18}}年
|
|-
|ブルンジ内戦
|300,000
|300,000
|300,000
|[[ブルンジ]]
|{{nts|1993|format=no}}
|{{nts|2005|format=no}}
|{{nts|12}}年
|
|-
|[[ダルフール紛争]]
|178,258
|461,520
|286,827
|[[スーダン]]
|{{nts|2003|format=no}}
|{{ntsh|2019|format=no}} 現在
|{{nts|15}}年
|
|-
|[[バングラデシュ独立戦争]]
|{{nts|26000}}
|{{nts|3000000}}
|500,000
|[[東パキスタン]]
|{{nts|1971|format=no}}
|{{nts|1971|format=no}}
|{{nts|1}}年
|[[1971 Bangladesh genocide#Estimated killed|Bangladeshi Genocide casualties]]も参照
|-
|[[第二次エチオピア戦争]]
|278,350
|278,350
|278,350
|エチオピア
|{{nts|1935|format=no}}
|{{nts|1936|format=no}}
|{{nts|1}}年
|
|-
|[[パプア紛争]]
|150,000
|400,000
|244,949
|[[ニューギニア島|ニューギニア]]
|{{nts|1963|format=no}}
|{{ntsh|2019|format=no}} 現在
|{{nts|55}}年
|
|-
|[[第一次キューバ独立戦争]]
|241,000
|241,000
|241,000
|キューバ
|{{nts|1868|format=no}}
|{{nts|1878|format=no}}
|{{nts|10}}年
|十年戦争とも呼ばれる。
|-
|ベネズエラ独立戦争
|228,000
|228,000
|228,000
|[[ベネズエラ]]
|{{nts|1810|format=no}}
|{{nts|1823|format=no}}
|{{nts|13}}年
|[[イスパノアメリカ独立戦争]]の一部。
|-
|ウガンダ内戦
|100,000
|500,000
|223,607
|[[ウガンダ]]
|{{nts|1981|format=no}}
|{{nts|1986|format=no}}
|{{nts|5}}年
|ルウェロ戦争とも呼ばれる。
|-
|[[神の抵抗軍]]による反乱
|100,000
|500,000
|223,607
|[[中央アフリカ共和国]]
|{{nts|1987|format=no}}
|{{ntsh|2019|format=no}} 現在
|{{nts|31}}年
|
|-
|[[仏蘭戦争]]
|220,000
|220,000
|220,000
|西ヨーロッパ
|{{nts|1672|format=no}}
|{{nts|1678|format=no}}
|{{nts|6}}年
|
|-
|[[コロンビア内戦]]
|220,000
|220,000
|220,000
|[[コロンビア]]
|{{nts|1964|format=no}}
|{{ntsh|2019|format=no}} 現在
|{{nts|54}}年
|
|-
|イラク・クルド紛争
|138,800
|320,100
|210,784
|[[イラク]]
|{{nts|1918|format=no}}
|{{nts|2003|format=no}}
|{{nts|85}}年
|
|-
|[[スレイマン1世]]による遠征
|200,000
|200,000
|200,000
|東ヨーロッパ、中東、北アフリカ
|{{nts|1521|format=no}}
|{{nts|1566|format=no}}
|{{nts|25}}年
|
|-
|[[フランス・スペイン戦争 (1635年-1659年)]]
|200,000
|200,000
|200,000
|西ヨーロッパ
|{{nts|1635|format=no}}
|{{nts|1659|format=no}}
|{{nts|24}}年
|
|-
|[[カルリスタ戦争]]
|200,000
|200,000
|200,000
|スペイン
|{{nts|1820|format=no}}
|{{nts|1876|format=no}}
|{{nts|56}}年
|
|-
|[[:en:Roman_conquest_of_Britain|ローマによるブリテン島の征服]]
[[:en:Roman_conquest_of_Britain|(英語版)]]
|130,000
|290,000
|194,165
|[[グレートブリテン島]]
|43
|84
|41年
|
|-
|ラ・ビオレンシア
|192,700
|194,700
|193,697
|コロンビア
|{{nts|1948|format=no}}
|{{nts|1958|format=no}}
|{{nts|10}}年
|
|-
|[[ミャンマー]]における内部紛争
|130,000
|250,000
|180,278
|[[ミャンマー]]
|{{nts|1948|format=no}}
|{{ntsh|2019|format=no}} 現在
|{{nts|70}}年
|
|-
|[[カリンガ戦争]]
|{{nts|150000}}
|{{nts|200000}}
|{{nts|173205}}
|インド
|{{ntsh|-262|format=no}} 262 BC
|{{ntsh|-261|format=no}} 261 BC
|{{nts|2}}年
|
|-
|[[冬戦争]]
|153,736
|194,837
|173,071
|[[フィンランド]]
|{{nts|1939|format=no}}
|{{nts|1940|format=no}}
|{{nts|1}}年
|[[第二次世界大戦]]の一部。
|-
|[[ギリシャ内戦]]
|158,000
|158,000
|158,000
|[[ギリシャ]]
|{{nts|1946|format=no}}
|{{nts|1949|format=no}}
|{{nts|3}}年
|
|-
|[[北イエメン内戦]]
|100,000
|200,000
|141,421
|[[イエメン]]
|{{nts|1962|format=no}}
|{{nts|1970|format=no}}
|{{nts|8}}年
|
|-
|1991年のイラクにおける反乱
|85,000
|235,000
|141,333
|イラク
|{{nts|1991|format=no}}
|{{nts|1991|format=no}}
|{{ntsh|0.09}} 1ヶ月4日
|
|-
|[[バルカン戦争]]
|140,000
|140,000
|140,000
|[[バルカン半島]]
|{{nts|1912|format=no}}
|{{nts|1913|format=no}}
|{{nts|1}}年
|
|-
|[[英西戦争 (1585年-1604年)]]
|138,285
|138,285
|138,285
|ヨーロッパ、アメリカ
|{{nts|1585|format=no}}
|{{nts|1604|format=no}}
|{{nts|19}}年
|
|-
|[[サン＝ドマング]]遠征
|135,000
|135,000
|135,000
|[[ハイチ]]
|{{nts|1802|format=no}}
|{{nts|1803|format=no}}
|{{nts|1}}年
|
|-
|[[ユーゴスラビア紛争]]
|130,000
|140,000
|134,907
|バルカン半島
|{{nts|1991|format=no}}
|{{nts|2001|format=no}}
|{{nts|10}}年
|
|-
|[[レバノン内戦]]
|120,000
|150,000
|134,164
|[[レバノン]]
|{{nts|1975|format=no}}
|{{nts|1990|format=no}}
|{{nts|15}}年
|
|-
|[[シエラレオネ内戦]]
|50,000
|300,000
|122,474
|[[シエラレオネ]]
|{{nts|1991|format=no}}
|{{nts|2002|format=no}}
|{{nts|11}}年
|
|-
|[[大トルコ戦争]]
|120,000
|120,000
|120,000
|東ヨーロッパ
|{{nts|1683|format=no}}
|{{nts|1699|format=no}}
|{{nts|16}}年
|
|-
|[[千日戦争]]
|120,000
|120,000
|120,000
|[[コロンビア]]
|{{nts|1899|format=no}}
|{{nts|1902|format=no}}
|{{nts|3}}年
|
|-
|[[モロ紛争]]
|120,000
|120,000
|120,000
|[[フィリピン]]
|{{nts|1969|format=no}}
|{{ntsh|2019|format=no}} 現在
|{{nts|49}}年
|
|-
|[[中東戦争]]
|116,074
|116,074
|116,074
|中東
|{{nts|1948|format=no}}
|{{ntsh|2019|format=no}} 現在
|{{nts|70}}年
|
|-
|[[メキシコ麻薬戦争]]
|106,800
|106,800
|106,800
|[[メキシコ]]
|{{nts|2006|format=no}}
|{{ntsh|2019|format=no}} 現在
|{{nts|12}}年
|
|-
|[[アチェ戦争]]
|97,000
|107,000
|101,877
|[[インドネシア]]
|{{nts|1873|format=no}}
|{{nts|1914|format=no}}
|{{nts|41}}年
|インドネシアでは異教徒戦争とも呼ばれる。
|-
|[[ボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナ紛争]]
|97,214
|104,732
|100,903
|[[ボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナ]]
|{{nts|1991|format=no}}
|{{nts|1995|format=no}}
|{{nts|4}}年
|[[ユーゴスラビア紛争]]の一部。
|-
|[[ドイツ農民戦争]]
|100,000
|100,000
|100,000
|[[ドイツ]]
|{{nts|1524|format=no}}
|{{nts|1525|format=no}}
|{{nts|1}}年
|
|-
|[[トルコ・クルド紛争]]
|100,000
|100,000
|100,000
|中東
|{{nts|1921|format=no}}
|{{ntsh|2019|format=no}} 現在
|{{nts|97}}年
|
|-
|[[コンゴ動乱]]
|100,000
|100,000
|100,000
|[[コンゴ共和国]]
|{{nts|1960|format=no}}
|{{nts|1965|format=no}}
|{{nts|5}}年
|
|-
|ラオスにおける内乱
|100,000
|100,000
|100,000
|[[ラオス]]
|{{nts|1975|format=no}}
|{{nts|2007|format=no}}
|{{nts|32}}年
|
|-
|キヴ紛争
|100,000
|100,000
|100,000
|[[コンゴ民主共和国]]
|{{nts|2004|format=no}}
|{{ntsh|2019|format=no}} 現在
|{{nts|14}}年
|[[第二次コンゴ戦争]]の一部。
|-
|[[カシミール紛争]]
|80,000
|110,000
|93,808
|[[北インド]]、[[パキスタン]]
|{{nts|1947|format=no}}
|{{ntsh|2019|format=no}} 現在
|{{nts|71}}年
|
|-
|[[アルジェリア内戦]]
|44,000
|200,000
|93,808
|[[アルジェリア]]
|{{nts|1991|format=no}}
|{{nts|2002|format=no}}
|{{nts|11}}年
|
|-
|[[アンゴラ独立戦争]]
|82,991
|102,991
|92,452
|[[アンゴラ]]
|{{nts|1961|format=no}}
|{{nts|1974|format=no}}
|{{nts|13}}年
|
|-
|[[スリランカ内戦]]
|80,000
|100,000
|89,443
|[[スリランカ]]
|{{nts|1983|format=no}}
|{{nts|2009|format=no}}
|{{nts|26}}年
|
|-
|[[ポロ作戦]]
|29,212
|242,212
|84,116
|インド
|{{nts|1948|format=no}}
|{{nts|1948|format=no}}
|{{ntsh|0.01}} 5日
|ハイダラーバード併合とも呼ばれる。
|}

== 戦争犯罪・虐殺 ==
ここでは軍事組織によって引き起こされた非戦闘員の死者数の一覧を載せる。特定の民族、宗教、政治的グループをターゲットにしたものに限ることなく、一般市民の生命を軽視した軍事戦略や残虐行為について記述する。{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}

{| class="sortable wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|- style="background:#CCCC;"
! style="width:7%;" | 出来事
! data-sort-type="number" | 低い推定!! style="width:7%;" data-sort-type="number" | 高い推定
! data-sort-type="number" | 相乗平均!! style="width:5%;" | 場所 !! style="width:5%;" | 開始 !! style="width:5%;" data-sort-="" type="number" | 終了
!期間!! style="width:50%;" data-sort-="" type="number" | 備考
|-
||[[第二次世界大戦]]
||{{nts|29000000}}
||{{nts|30500000}}
||{{nts|29074054}}
||世界全体
||1939
||1945
|6 years
||[[第二次世界大戦の犠牲者]]も参照
|-

||[[三光作戦]]
||{{nts|2470000}}
||{{nts|2700000}}
||{{nts|2582440}}
||[[中国]]
||1940
||1942
|2 years
||1996年に発表された研究の中で、歴史家の[[姫田光義]]は、[[大日本帝国陸軍]]の対中焦土政策である「三光作戦」は、[[昭和天皇]]の認可のもとに実施されたものであり、間接的なものも含めると「270万人以上」の中国の民間人の死亡につながったと主張している。<ref>Bix, Herbert ''Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan'', New York, Perennial, 2001 page 365</ref>
|-
||[[国共内戦]]
||{{nts|1800000}}
||{{nts|3500000}}<ref name=":8">Valentino, Benjamin A. ''Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the Twentieth Century'', Cornell University Press, page 88, December 8, 2005.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
||{{nts|2509980}}
||[[中国]]
||1927
||1950
|23 years
||戦争中、[[国民革命軍|国民政府軍]]と[[中国共産党]]の両方が大規模な残虐行為を行い、何百万人もの非戦闘員が双方によって意図的に殺害された。<ref name=":9">Rummel, Rudolph (1994), ''Death by Government''.<!-- publisher, ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
|-
||[[第一次スーダン内戦|第一次]]・[[第二次スーダン内戦]]
||{{nts|2000000}}
||{{nts|2000000}}
||{{nts|2000000}}
||[[スーダン]]
||1956
||2005
|49 years
||<ref name=":10">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.gpanet.org/content/genocides-politicides-and-other-mass-murder-1945-stages-2008|title=Genocides, Politicides, and Other Mass Murder Since 1945, With Stages in 2008|website=gpanet.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107203649/http://www.gpanet.org/content/genocides-politicides-and-other-mass-murder-1945-stages-2008|archive-date=November 7, 2017 |url-status=dead|accessdate=August 2, 2018}}</ref>
|-
||[[アフガニスタン紛争 (1978年-1989年)|ソ連・アフガン戦争]]
||{{nts|500000}}
||{{nts|2000000}}
||{{nts|1000000}}
||[[アフガニスタン]]
||1979
||1989
|10 years
||ソ連侵攻時の民間人の大量殺人はジェノサイドとされることもあるが、政治的な整合性に基づいた殺害であるためpoliticideに分類される。<ref name="Khalidi">Noor Ahmad Khalidi, [http://www.nonel.pu.ru/erdferkel/khalidi.pdf "Afghanistan: Demographic Consequences of War: 1978–87,"] ''Central Asian Survey'', vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 101–126, 1991.</ref><ref name="Sliwinski">Marek Sliwiński, "Afghanistan: The Decimation of a People", ''Orbis'' (Winter, 1989), pg. 39.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
|-
||[[張献忠]]の戦争犯罪
||{{nts|1000000}}
||{{nts|1000000}}<ref name=":11">{{Cite book2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VA5tKw11K8YC&pg=PA379|title=China: A Cultural and Historical Dictionary|last=Dillon|first=Michael|publisher=Routledge|year=1998|isbn=978-0-7007-0439-2|page=379}} from J.B. Parsons, The Peasant Rebellions of the Late Ming Dynasty (University of Arizona Press), 1970.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
||{{nts|1000000}}
||[[中国]]・[[四川省]]
||1644
||1646
|2 years
||Committed during a bloody peasant revolt that massacred a large portion of [[Sichuan]]'s population.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
||[[軍閥時代]]
||{{nts|910000}}
||{{nts|910000}}
||{{nts|910000}}
||[[中国]]
||1900
||1927
|27 years
||<ref name=":12">{{Cite web2|url=https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/CHINA.CHAP1.HTM|title=CHINA'S BLOODY CENTURY|last1=R.J. Rummel|access-date=2023-03-13|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313124805/https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/CHINA.CHAP1.HTM|archive-date=2023-03-13}}<!-- publisher, year needed --></ref>
|-
||[[バグダードの戦い]]後のモンゴルによる虐殺
||{{nts|200000}}<ref name=":13">Andre Wink, ''Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World'', Vol 2 (Brill, 2002), pg. 13. {{Subscription required|via=[[Questia]]}}</ref>
||{{nts|2000000}}<ref name=":14">''The different aspects of Islamic culture: Science and technology in Islam'', Vol.4, Ed. A. Y. Al-Hassan, (Dergham sarl, 2001), pg. 655.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
||{{nts|632456}}
||[[バグダード]]
||January 29, 1258
||February 10, 1258
|12 days
||Mass slaughter of civilians by the [[Mongols]] in [[Baghdad]]. Considered to be the end of the "[[Islamic Golden Age]]."
|-
||[[アンゴラ内戦]]
||{{nts|500000}}
||{{nts|500000}}
||{{nts|500000}}
||[[アンゴラ]]
||1975
||2002
|27 years
||The 27-year war can be divided roughly into three periods of major fighting – 1975–91, 1992–94, and 1998 to 2002 – broken up by fragile periods of peace. By the time the MPLA achieved victory in 2002, more than 500,000 people had died and over one million had been [[internally displaced]]. The war devastated Angola's infrastructure, and severely damaged the nation's public administration, economic enterprises, and religious institutions.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
||第二次世界大戦中の[[大日本帝国陸軍]]による生物兵器と人体実験
||{{Nts|400000}}
||{{nts|580000}}<ref>{{Cite book2|title=A plague upon humanity : the secret genocide of Axis Japan's germ warfare operation|last=Barenblatt|first=Daniel|date=2004|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|isbn=0060186259|edition=1st|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/plagueuponhumani00bare/page/ xii, 173]|oclc=52348888|url=https://archive.org/details/plagueuponhumani00bare/page/}}</ref>
||{{nts|481664}}|| ロシアと中国の一部。
特に[[満州]]。
|| 1931
|1945
|| 14 years
|See also: [[Unit 731]] and the [[Japanese war crimes#Human experimentation and biological warfare|Asian Holocaust]].
|-
||[[マラーター王国]]のベンガル侵攻における戦争犯罪
||{{nts|400000}}<ref name="Marshall73">{{Cite book2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lIZrfokYSY8C&pg=PA73|title=Bengal: The British Bridgehead: Eastern India 1740–1828|author=P. J. Marshall|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2006|isbn=978-0-521-02822-6|page=73|author-link=P. J. Marshall}}</ref><ref name="Chaudhuri253">{{Cite book2|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9xt7Fgzq9e8C&pg=PA253|title=The Trading World of Asia and the English East India Company: 1660-1760|author=Kirti N. Chaudhuri|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2006|isbn=978-0-521-03159-2|page=253|author-link=Kirti N. Chaudhuri}}</ref>
||{{nts|400000}}<ref name="Marshall73" /><ref name="Chaudhuri253" />
||{{nts|400000}}
||インド
|| 1741
|| 1751
|10 years
||[[Maratha Empire]] invaded [[Bengal Subah]], occupied the western Bengal and Bihar regions, and perpetrated atrocities against the local population.<ref name="Marshall73" /><ref name="Chaudhuri253" />
|-
||ラ・ビオレンシア
||{{nts|200000}}<ref name="Bailey, 1967">{{Cite journal2|last=Bailey|first=Norman A.|author-link=Norman Bailey (government official)|year=1967|title=La Violencia in Colombia|journal=Journal of Inter-American Studies|publisher=Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Miami|volume=9|issue=4|pages=561–75|doi=10.2307/164860|jstor=164860}}</ref>
||{{nts|300000}}<ref name="Bailey, 1967" />
||{{nts|244949}}
||[[コロンビア]]
||1948
||1958
|10 years
||
[[La Violencia]] was a ten-year period of [[civil war]] and violence in [[Colombia]] from 1948–58, between the [[Colombian Conservative Party]] and the [[Colombian Liberal Party]], fought mainly in the rural countryside.<br />Death toll may include non-civilian victims.
|-
||[[米比戦争]]
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|250000}}
||{{nts|223607}}
||[[フィリピン]]
||1899
||1902
|3 years
||<ref name="reCasualties">{{Cite news2|author=Guillermo, Emil|title=A first taste of empire|date=February 8, 2004|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1683&dat=20040208&id=gbIaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=GEUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5222,6070988|journal=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel|page=3J}}</ref><ref name="Smallman-Raynor">{{Harvnb|Smallman-Raynor|1998}}</ref><ref name="burdeos2008p14casualties">{{Harvnb|Burdeos|2008|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=tN__4jLTnd8C&pg=PA14 14]}}</ref>{{efn|While there are many estimates for civilian deaths, with some even going well over a million for the war, modern historians generally place the death toll between 200,000 and 250,000; see "Casualties".}}
|-
|[[マニラ大虐殺]]||{{nts|100000}}||{{nts|500000}}
||{{nts|223607}}||フィリピン・[[マニラ]]||{{nts|1945|format=no}}||{{nts|1945|format=no}}
|1 month||<ref name=":17">{{Cite web2|url=http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/battles.htm#Manila|title=Death Tolls for the Man-made Megadeaths of the 20th Century|last=White|first=Matthew|accessdate=August 1, 2007}}</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}<ref name=":18">{{Cite book2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jKsbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA288|title=Nein|author=Hodieb Khalifa|publisher=American Book Publishing Group|year=2013|isbn=978-1-938759-18-5|page=288}}</ref><ref name=":19">{{Cite book2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G5WHAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA35|title=Within a Presumption of Godlessness|last1=Dauria|first1=Tom|publisher=Archway Publishing|year=2014|isbn=978-1-4808-0420-3|page=35}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{Cite web2|url=http://battleofmanila.org/Huber/htm/huber_06.htm|title=Battle of Manila|website=battleofmanila.org|access-date=2023-04-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407153911/http://battleofmanila.org/Huber/htm/huber_06.htm |archive-date=2023-04-07}}</ref>
|-
||コロンビア内戦
||{{nts|177307}}
||{{nts|177307}}
||{{nts|177307}}
||コロンビア
||1964
||present
|54 years
||<ref name=":21">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.centrodememoriahistorica.gov.co/micrositios/informeGeneral/estadisticas.html|title=Estadísticas del conflicto armado en Colombia|accessdate=March 4, 2018}}</ref>
|-
||[[第二次エチオピア戦争]]
||{{nts|62000}}<ref name="mussoeth">{{Cite web2|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c300K.htm#Eth35|title=Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls|website=necrometrics.com |access-date=2023-10-06}}</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}
||{{nts|485000}}<ref name="mussoeth" /><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}
||{{nts|173407}}
||[[エチオピア]]
||1935
||1941
|6 years
|Angelo Del Boca, ''The Ethiopian War 1935–1941'' (1965), cites a 1945 memorandum from Ethiopia to the Conference of Prime Ministers, which tallies 760,300 natives dead; of them: battle deaths: 275,000, hunger among refugees: 300,000, patriots killed during occupation: 78,500, concentration camps: 35,000, Feb. 1937 massacre: 30,000, executions: 24,000, civilians killed by air force: 17,800.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
|[[ヴァンデの反乱]]||{{nts|100000}}<ref name=":23">Donald Greer, ''The Terror, a Statistical Interpretation'', [[Cambridge (Massachusetts)|Cambridge]] (1935)</ref><ref name="Sechervendee">Reynald Secher, ''La Vendée-Vengé, le Génocide franco-français'' (1986)</ref>||{{nts|250000}}<ref name=":24">Jean-Clément Martin, ''La Vendée et la France'', Éditions du Seuil, collection Points, 1987 ''he gives the highest estimate of the civil war, including republican losses and premature death. However, he does not consider it as a genocide.''</ref><ref name=":25">Jacques Hussenet (dir.), ''"Détruisez la Vendée! "Regards croisés sur les victimes et destructions de la guerre de Vendée'', La Roche-sur-Yon, Centre vendéen de recherches historiques, 2007, p.148.</ref>
||{{nts|158114}}||フランス革命中の[[フランス]]||{{nts|1793|format=no}}||{{nts|1796|format=no}}
|3 years|| Described as genocide by some historians,<ref name="Sechervendee" /> but this claim has been widely discounted.<ref name="Gough">{{Cite journal2|last=Gough|first=Hugh|date=December 1987|title=Genocide and the Bicentenary: The French Revolution and the Revenge of the Vendee|journal=The Historical Journal|volume=30|issue=4|pages=977–988|jstor=2639130|doi=10.1017/S0018246X00022433}}</ref> See also: [[French Revolution]].
|-
||[[第一次チェチェン紛争|第一次]]・[[第二次チェチェン紛争]]
||{{nts|55000}}
||{{nts|330000}}
||{{nts|134722}}
||[[チェチェン共和国|チェチェン]]
||1994
||2009
|15 years
||<ref name=":28">''[https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur46/015/2007/en/ What justice for Chechnya's disappeared?] '', AI Index: EUR 46/015/2007, May 23, 2007.</ref><ref name="chechenlosses">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.polit.ru/article/2004/02/19/kniga_chisel|title=Book of Numbers, Book of Losses, Book of the Final Judgment|last1=Cherkasov|first1=Alexander|website=Polit.ru|accessdate=January 2, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":29">{{Cite web2|url=https://groups.yahoo.com/group/chechnya-sl/message/45015|title=Yahoo! Groups|website=groups.yahoo.com|access-date=2012-07-16|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.li/IQEs|archive-date=2012-07-16}}</ref><ref name=":30">[http://www.lifestyleextra.com/ShowStory.asp?story=QO2631422I&news_headline=chechen_leader_says_spy_died_a_hero Chechen leader says spy 'died a hero'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225225427/http://www.lifestyleextra.com/ShowStory.asp?story=QO2631422I&news_headline=chechen_leader_says_spy_died_a_hero|date=February 25, 2008}}, ''[[Life Style Extra]]'', November 27, 2006.</ref>
<ref name=":31">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.mosnews.com/news/2004/11/19/civiliandeath.shtml|title=Over 200,000 Killed in Chechnya Since 1994&nbsp;— Pro-Moscow Official – NE...|date=November 20, 2004|publisher=mosnews.com|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20041120124031/http://www.mosnews.com/news/2004/11/19/civiliandeath.shtml|archivedate=November 20, 2004|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="hrvc">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070821154629/http://www.hrvc.net/htmls/references.htm Civil and military casualties of the wars in Chechnya] [[Russian-Chechen Friendship Society]], 2003.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
|-
||[[イラン・イラク戦争]]
||{{nts|61000}}
||{{nts|282000}}
||{{nts|131156}}
||[[イラン]]と[[イラク]]
||1980
||1988
|8 years
||11,000 to 100,000<ref name="r.j.rummel">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB15.1D.GIF|title=Lesser Murdering States, Quasi-States, and Groups: Estimates, Sources, and Calculations|author=Rumel, Rudolph|work=Power Kills|publisher=University of Hawai'i}}</ref> civilians killed on both sides, plus 50 to 182 killed in [[Iraqi–Kurdish conflict#Kurdish rebellion during the Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988)|Kurdish Genocide]].
|-
||[[ゴ・ディン・ジエム|ジエム]]時代と[[ベトナム戦争]]における[[南ベトナム]]による戦争犯罪
||{{nts|57000}}
||{{nts|284000}}
||{{nts|127232}}
||[[ベトナム]]
||1954
||1975
|21 years
||<ref name="Rummel, Rudolph 1997">Rummel, Rudolph, "Statistics of Vietnamese Democide", ''Statistics of Democide'', 1997.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
|-
||[[シリア内戦]]
||{{nts|106390}}
||110,218
||{{nts|108287}}
||[[シリア]]
||2011
||present
|7 years
||See also: [[List of massacres during the Syrian Civil War]]
|-
||[[南ベトナム解放民族戦線|ベトコン]]の戦争犯罪
||{{nts|36725}}<ref name="Lewy">{{Cite book2|authorlink=Guenter Lewy|last=Lewy|first=Guenter|title=America in Vietnam|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=1980|isbn=9780199874231|p=[https://archive.org/details/americainvietnam00lewy/page/272 272]|title-link=America in Vietnam}}</ref>
||{{nts|227000}}<ref name="Statistics of Vietnamese Democide">Rummel, Rudolph (1997), [http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP6.HTM Statistics of Vietnamese Democide], in his ''Statistics of Democide'', Table 6.1A, line 467 & Table 6.1B, lines 675, 730, 749–51.</ref>
||{{nts|91305}}
||[[ベトナム]]
||1955
||1975
|20 years
|-
||Second Italo-Senussi War
||{{nts|80000}}
||{{nts|125000}}
|{{nts|100000}}
||[[リビア]]
||1923
||1932
|9 years
||Specific war crimes alleged to have been committed by the Italian armed forces against civilians include deliberate bombing of civilians, killing unarmed children, women, and the elderly; rape and disembowelment of women; throwing prisoners out of aircraft to their death, running over others with tanks, regular daily executions of civilians in some areas, and bombing tribal villages with mustard gas bombs, beginning in 1930.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
||[[神の抵抗軍]]の戦争犯罪
||{{nts|100000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||[[ウガンダ]]、[[中央アフリカ共和国]]、[[コンゴ民主共和国]]
||1986
||2009
|23 years
||''[[The Guardian]]'' reported in 2015 that Kony's forces had been responsible for the deaths of over 100,000 people and the kidnapping of at least 60,000 children. Various atrocities committed include raping young girls and abducting them for use as sex slaves.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
||[[民族イスラーム戦線]]の戦争犯罪
||{{nts|100000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||[[スーダン]]
||1964
||1999
|35 years
||Alleged human rights abuses by the NIF regime included war crimes, ethnic cleansing, a revival of slavery, torture of opponents, and an unprecedented number of refugees fleeing into Uganda, Kenya, Eritrea, Egypt, Europe and North America.<ref name="jstor">{{Cite journal2|last1=Fluehr-Lobban|first1=Carolyn|title=The Sudan Since 1989: National Islamic Front Rule|last2=Lobban|first2=Richard|date=Spring 2001|journal=Arab Studies Quarterly|volume=23|issue=2|pages=1–9|jstor=41858370}}</ref>
|-
||[[パプア紛争]]
||{{nts|100000}}<ref name=":32">{{Cite web2|url=http://sydney.edu.au/news/84.html?newsstoryid=651|title=Report claims secret genocide in Indonesia|last=Gawler|first=Virginia|date=August 19, 2005|publisher=University of Sydney|accessdate=March 27, 2016}}<br />"WestPapuaFinal">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.law.yale.edu/documents/pdf/Intellectual_Life/West_Papua_final_report.pdf|title=Indonesian Human Rights Abuses in West Papua: Application of the Law of Genocide to the History of Indonesian Control|last1=Brundige|first1=Elizabeth|last2=King|first2=Winter|date=April 2004|publisher=Yale Law School|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227145157/http://www.law.yale.edu/documents/pdf/Intellectual_Life/West_Papua_final_report.pdf |archivedate=February 27, 2009|url-status=dead|last3=Vahali|first3=Priyneha|last4=Vladeck|first4=Stephen|last5=Yuan|first5=Xiang}}</ref>
||{{nts|100000}}<ref name=":33">{{Cite book2|url=http://wpik.org/Src/WestPapuaGenocideRpt.05.pdf|title=Genocide in West Papua?: The role of the Indonesian state apparatus and a current needs assessment of the Papuan people|last1=Wing|first1=John|last2=King|first2=Peter|date=August 2005|publisher=West Papua Project|isbn=0-9752391-7-1|location=Sydney|accessdate=March 27, 2016}}</ref>
||{{nts|100000}}
||[[イリアンジャヤ|西パプア]]
||1963
||present
|55 years
||Since [[Indonesia]] has taken control of [[West Papua (region)|West Papua]] in 1963, the population of West Papua has recorded more than 100,000 unnatural deaths. The administration of West Papua has been called a [[police state]].{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
|[[カシミール紛争]]
|{{nts|47000}}<ref name=":34">{{Cite news2|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-36624520081121|title=India revises Kashmir death toll to 47,000|accessdate=August 28, 2016 |work=Reuters|date=November 21, 2008}}</ref>
|{{nts|100000}}<ref name=":35">{{Cite web2|url=https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/INDIA937.PDF|title=The Human Rights Crisis in Kashmir|publisher=Human Rights Watch|access-date=August 2, 2018}}</ref>
|{{nts|68556}}
|[[インド]]
[[ジャンムー・カシミール州]]
|1947
|present
|71 years
|See also: [[Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir|Human Rights Abuses in Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]], [[List of massacres in Jammu and Kashmir]]
|-
||[[南京事件]]
||{{nts|13000}}<ref name="Yoshiaki Itakura 1999">Yoshiaki Itakura, ''本当はこうだった南京事件'' (Tokyo: Nihon Tosho Kankokai, 1999), 11.</ref><br />(全て)<br />{{nts|5000}}<ref name="Yoshiaki Itakura 1999" /><br />(市民)
||{{nts|400000}}<ref name="People's Daily">{{Cite news2|url=http://en.people.cn/200007/26/eng20000726_46497.html|title=400,000 People Killed in Nanjing Massacre: Expert|date=July 26, 2000|work=People's Daily}}</ref><br />(全て)<br />{{nts|100000}}<ref name="Nanking 2000">[[Masaaki Tanaka]], ''What Really Happened In Nanking: The Refutation of a Common Myth'' (Tokyo: Sekai Shuppan, 2000), pg. 64.</ref><br />(市民)
||{{nts|72111}}<br />(全て)<br />{{nts|22361}}<br />(市民)
||[[中国]] [[南京市|南京]]
||{{nts|1937|format=no}}
||{{nts|1938|format=no}}
|1 year
|| The [[Nanking Massacre]], commonly known as the Rape of Nanking, was a war crime committed by the Japanese military in Nanjing, then capital of the Republic of China, after it fell to the Imperial Japanese Army on December 13, 1937.<br />See: [[Death toll of the Nanking Massacre]].
|-
| ペルー内戦||{{nts|61007}}<ref name=":36">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.cverdad.org.pe/ifinal/pdf/Tomo%20-%20ANEXOS/ANEXO%202.pdf|title=Informe final. Anexo 2: ¿CUÁNTOS PERUANOS MURIERON? (2003)|publisher=Comisión de la Verdad y la Reconciliación|language=es|accessdate=August 2, 2018}}</ref> <sup>[see notes]</sup>||{{nts|77552}}<sup>[see notes]</sup>
||{{nts|68784}}<sup>[see notes]</sup>||[[ペルー]]||{{nts|1980|format=no}}||{{nts|2000|format=no}}
|20 years||In the late 20th century, the Peruvian government (armed forces and civil ''rondas'') fought against communist terrorists in Peru. The principal actors in the war were the [[Communist Party of Peru]] or "Shining Path" and the government of Peru; the [[Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement]] was also involved and other paramilitary entities. [[Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Peru)|Peru's Truth and Reconciliation Commission]] reached a figure of approx. 68,784 deaths and disappearances, of which 54% were ascribed to Shining Path, 1.5% to Tupac Amaru and 37% to State officials, who were also responsible for 83% of reported cases of sexual violence, and systematic use of torture. An academic research published in 2019 contests the Commission's methodology, reaching a total figure of approx. 47,849, of which 27,872 were victims of State officials, 18,341 of the Shining Path, and 1,636 by all other actors.<ref>{{Cite journal2|last=Rendon|first=Silvio|date=January 1, 2019 |title=Capturing correctly: A reanalysis of the indirect capture–recapture methods in the Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission|journal=Research & Politics|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|page=2053168018820375|doi=10.1177/2053168018820375|issn=2053-1680|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal2|last=Rendon|first=Silvio|date=April 1, 2019 |title=A truth commission did not tell the truth: A rejoinder to Manrique-Vallier and Ball|journal=Research & Politics|language=en|volume=6|issue=2|page=2053168019840972|doi=10.1177/2053168019840972|issn=2053-1680|doi-access=free}}</ref>
|-
||[[トルコ・クルド紛争|シェイフ・サイードの反乱]]
||{{ntsh|17321}}15,000
20,000<ref name="The Militant Kurds page 86" />
||{{ntsh|100000}}40,000
250,000<ref name="page 104" />
||{{ntsh|41618}}24,495
70,711
||[[トルコ]]
||1925
||1925
|1 month
||The [[Sheikh Said Rebellion]] was a rebellion to revive the Islamic Caliphate System, and used elements of Kurdish nationalism for recruiting.<ref name=":37">{{Cite book2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cw5V1c1ej_cC&pg=PA147|title=From Caliphate to Secular State: Power Struggle in the Early Turkish Republic: Power Struggle in the Early Turkish Republic|author=Hakan Ozoglu Ph.D.|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2011|isbn=978-0-313-37957-4|page=147}}</ref> It was led by [[Sheikh Said]] and a group of former Ottoman soldiers, known as [[Hamidiye (cavalry)|Hamidiye soldiers]]. The rebellion was of two Kurdish groups, the [[Zaza people]] and the speakers of the related [[Kurmanji dialect]] of Kurdish: it "was led specifically by the Zaza population and received almost full support in the entire Zaza region and some of the neighbouring Kurmanji-dominated regions".<ref name=":38">{{Cite book2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0bGpbVFzubsC&pg=PA64|title=The Zaza Kurds of Turkey: A Middle Eastern Minority in a Globalised Society|author=Mehmed S. Kaya|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2011|isbn=978-1-84511-875-4|page=64}}</ref>
|-
||[[ISIL]]
||{{nts|Many tens of thousands}}
||{{nts|Many tens of thousands}}
||{{nts|}}
||[[イラク]]、[[シリア]]、[[アフガニスタン]]、[[リビア]]、[[フィリピン]]、[[ナイジェリア]]の他にも世界全体で散発的にテロが発生
||2014
||present
|7 years
||[[ISIL|ISIS]] has existed as an active terrorist organization in one form or another since at least 2003. Many tens of thousands of casualties in the Iraqi wars of the 21st century can be attributed to them and their parent organizations. See also the death tolls from 2014 onwards in [[International military intervention against ISIL]]
|-
||[[スリランカ内戦]]
||{{nts|7000}}<ref name=":40">{{Cite news2|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/13/opinion/13iht-edpatten.html|title=Sri Lanka's Choice, and the World's Responsibility|last=Patten|first=Chris|date=January 12, 2010|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=June 8, 2011}}</ref>
||{{nts|40000}}<ref name=":41">[http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/content/2011/s3260535.htm Australian Broadcasting Commission 4 Corners] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113033803/http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/content/2011/s3260535.htm|date=November 13, 2012}}. Retrieved July 4, 2011.</ref>
||{{nts|16733}}
||[[スリランカ]]
||1983
||2009
|26 years
||There are allegations that [[war crime]]s were committed by the [[Sri Lanka Armed Forces|Sri Lankan military]] and the rebel [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] (Tamil Tigers) during the [[Sri Lankan Civil War]], particularly during the final months of the [[Eelam War IV]] phase in 2009. The alleged war crimes include attacks on civilians and civilian buildings by both sides; executions of combatants and prisoners by both sides; enforced disappearances by the Sri Lankan military and paramilitary groups backed by them; acute shortages of food, medicine, and clean water for civilians trapped in the war zone; and child recruitment by the Tamil Tigers.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web2|url=https://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/10/22/sri-lanka-us-war-crimes-report-details-extensive-abuses|title=Sri Lanka: US War Crimes Report Details Extensive Abuses|date=October 22, 2009|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]|accessdate=January 17, 2010}}</ref><ref name=":43">{{Cite news2|url=http://www.thesundayleader.lk/2010/12/08/govt-ltte-executed-soldiers|title=LTTE Executed Soldiers|date=December 8, 2010|newspaper=[[The Sunday Leader]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101212104240/http://www.thesundayleader.lk/2010/12/08/govt-ltte-executed-soldiers/ |archive-date=December 12, 2010 |url-status=dead|accessdate=January 17, 2010}}</ref>
{{See also|Alleged war crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War}}
|-
|[[テッサロニキ]]攻略(904)||{{nts|15000}}||{{nts|15000}}<ref name=":44">{{Cite book2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nYbnr5XVbzUC|title=A History of the Byzantine State and Society|author=Warren T. Treadgold|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|year=1997|isbn=0-8047-2630-2|page=572}}</ref>
||{{nts|15000}}||[[東ローマ帝国]]||{{nts|904}}||{{nts|904}}
|?|| The sack of the second city of the Byzantine Empire by a Muslim fleet under the command of [[Leo of Tripoli]]. In addition to the thousands killed, the [[Saracen]] fleet also took 20,000 Greek slaves.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
||[[イラン・イラク戦争]]中のイランによる[[少年兵]]の使用
||{{nts|6000}}
||{{nts|18000}}
||{{nts|10392}}
||[[イラン]]
||1980
||1988
|8 years
||3% of two to six hundred thousand casualties.<ref name="hiro205">{{Cite book2|title=The Longest War: The Iran-Iraq Military Conflict|last=Hiro|first=Dilip|publisher=Routledge|year=1991|isbn=9780415904063|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/longestwariranir00hiro/page/205 205]|oclc=22347651|authorlink=Dilip Hiro|url=https://archive.org/details/longestwariranir00hiro/page/205}}</ref><ref name="Rajaee1997">{{Cite book2|title=Iranian Perspectives on the Iran-Iraq War|last=Rajaee|first=Farhang|publisher=University Press of Florida|year=1997|isbn=9780813014760|location=Gainesville|page=2|oclc=492125659}}</ref><ref name="Mikaberidze2011">{{Cite book2|title=Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia|last=Mikaberidze|first=Alexander|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2011|isbn=9781598843361|location=Santa Barbara, California|page=418|oclc=775759780}}</ref><ref name=":45">Hammond Atlas of the 20th Century (1999) P. 134-5</ref><ref name="Dunnigan 1991">Dunnigan, ''A Quick and Dirty Guide to War'' (1991)</ref><ref name="Twentieth Century World History 1997">Jan Palmowski, ''Dictionary of Twentieth Century World History'' (Oxford, 1997)<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref><ref name="ReferenceD">Clodfelter, Michael, Warfare and Armed Conflict: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1618–1991</ref><ref name="Chirot, Daniel 1994">Chirot, Daniel: Modern Tyrants: the power and prevalence of evil in our age (1994)</ref><ref name=":46">"B&J": Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson, ''International Conflict: A Chronological Encyclopedia of Conflicts and Their Management 1945–1995'' (1997), pg. 195.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref><ref name=":47">{{Cite web2|url=http://kurzman.unc.edu/death-tolls-of-the-iran-iraq-war|title=Death Tolls of the Iran-Iraq War|last=Hill|first=The University of North Carolina at Chapel|website=kurzman.unc.edu|publisher=Charles Kurzman|accessdate=August 2, 2018}}</ref>
|-
||[[アルジェリア内戦]]中の虐殺
||{{nts|10000}}
||{{nts|10000}}
||{{nts|10000}}
||[[アルジェリア]]
||1991
||2002
|11 years
||<ref name="Bedjaoui">"An Anatomy of the Massacres", Ait-Larbi, Ait-Belkacem, Belaid, Nait-Redjam, and Soltani, in An Inquiry into the Algerian Massacres, ed. Bedjaoui, Aroua, and Ait-Larbi, Hoggar: Geneva 1999.</ref><ref name=":48">[http://stathis.research.yale.edu/files/Wanton.pdf "Wanton and Senseless? The Logic of Massacres in Algeria"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025159/http://stathis.research.yale.edu/files/Wanton.pdf|date=March 4, 2016}}, Stathis N. Kalyvas, ''Rationality and Society'', Vol. 11, No. 3, 243–85 (1999)<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
|-
||[[シリア内戦]]における[[ロシア軍]]の介入 
||{{nts|8085}}
||{{nts|8085}}
||{{nts|8085}}
||[[シリア]]
||September 2015
||present
|4 years
|<ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=126256|title=The Russian operations complete their 43rd month on the Syrian territory by killing 22 citizens including about 10 children and women by its warplanes • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|date=April 30, 2019 |access-date=2019-12-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222090849/http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=126256 |archive-date=2019-12-22}}</ref> See also: [[Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War]].
|-
||[[バローチスターン州|バローチースターン]]での紛争
||{{nts|7628}}
||{{nts|7628}}
||{{nts|7628}}
||[[パキスタン]]
[[バローチスターン州]]
||1937
||present
|81 years
||<ref name=":49">{{Cite web2|url=http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat6.htm|title=Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls|website=users.erols.com |access-date=2023-10-06}}</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}<ref name=":50">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?article4120|title=Balochistan: Pakistan's internal war History of an insurgency|last1=Ray|first1=Fulcher}}</ref><ref name=":51">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/Balochistan/index.html|title=Balochistan Assessment: 2016|accessdate=March 4, 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[アメリカ同時多発テロ事件]]
||{{nts|2977}}
||{{nts|2977}}
||{{nts|2977}}
||[[アメリカ合衆国]]
||September 11, 2001
||September 11, 2001
|1 day
||<ref name=":61">{{Cite news2|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/07/27/us/september-11-anniversary-fast-facts|title=September 11th Fast Facts|date=March 27, 2015|accessdate=May 14, 2015|publisher=CNN}}</ref>
|-
||[[ドンバス]]における内戦
||{{nts|2000}}
||{{nts|2000}}
||{{nts|2000}}
||[[ウクライナ]]
[[ドンバス]]
||2014
||present
|4 years
||<ref name=":62">Humanitarian Bulletin Ukraine Issue 11" (PDF), OHCHR, July 9, 2016. Retrieved March 4, 2018.</ref>
|-
||[[サブラー・シャティーラ事件]]
||{{nts|460}}<ref name=":63">{{Cite web2|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/massacres-at-sabra-and-shatila|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926122948/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Sabra_%26_Shatila.html|url-status=dead|title=Massacres at Sabra & Shatila|archivedate=September 26, 2016|website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref>
||{{nts|3500}}<ref name=":64">{{Cite news2|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/8/53050/World/Region/Remembering-Sabra--Shatila-The-death-of-their-worl.aspx|title=Remembering Sabra & Shatila: The death of their world|date=September 16, 2012|work=Ahram online|accessdate=November 13, 2012}}</ref>
||{{nts|1269}}
||[[レバノン]]・西[[ベイルート]]
||September 16, 1982
||September 18, 1982
|2 days
||Massacre of a Palestinian refugee camp by Lebanese Christians.
|-
||[[ピロー砦の戦い]]
||{{nts|235}}
||{{nts|235}}
||{{nts|235}}
||[[ローダーデール郡 (テネシー州)]]
||April 12, 1864
||April 12, 1864
|1 day
||Death toll includes both U.S. and Confederate dead. U.S. dead includes those both killed in combat and murdered by the Confederates afterwards.
|-
||[[ローレンスの虐殺]]
||{{nts|204}}
||{{nts|204}}
||{{nts|204}}
||[[ダグラス郡 (カンザス州)]]
||August 21, 1863
||August 21, 1863
|1 day
||Death toll includes both U.S. and Confederate dead. Deadliest terrorist attack in U.S. history until the Oklahoma City bombing of 1995.
|}

== ジェノサイド・民族浄化・迫害 ==
{{main|List of genocides by death toll|Genocides in history}}
ここでは人種、宗教、民族に基づいて行われた大量虐殺（または強制移住によって引き起こされた死亡）について一覧を載せている。{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}

{| class="sortable wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|- style="background:#CCCC;"
! data-sort-type="number" | 出来事
! data-sort-type="number" | 低い推定!! data-sort-type="number" | 高い推定
! data-sort-type="number" | 相乗平均<ref name="Pinto 2014 173–180" />!! style="width:10%;" | 場所 !! style="width:5%;" | 開始 !! style="width:5%;" data-sort-="" type="number" | 終了
!期間!! style="width:50%;" data-sort-="" type="number" | 備考
|-

||[[東部総合計画]]
||{{nts|13684700}}
||{{nts|40000000}}
||{{nts|23396324}}
||[[ナチス・ドイツ]]占領下のヨーロッパとロシア
||1939
||1945
|6 years
||ナチス・ドイツによるスラブ民族とソビエト連邦市民の絶滅政策。
数字は、数値は故意の大量虐殺と民間戦争の犠牲者の両方の合計。
|-
||[[アメリカ州の先住民族|アメリカ先住民]]虐殺
||{{nts|2000000}}<ref>{{Cite web2 |first1=R.J. |last=Rummel |title=DEATH BY GOVERNMENT Chapter 3 Pre-Twentieth Century Democide |url=https://hawaii.edu/powerkills/DBG.CHAP3.HTM}}</ref>
||{{nts|138000000}}<ref name="American Philosophy 1491" />(mostly by disease){{unreliable source?|date=December 2019}}
||{{nts|16613248}}
||[[アメリカ州|南北アメリカ]]
||1492
||1996<ref name="cbc.ca">{{Cite news2|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/residential-school-deaths-report-1.3365319|title=341 students died at Northern residential schools – CBC News|publisher=CBC|quote=Sinclair said the total number of recorded residential school deaths in Canada — 3,201 — could be an underestimate given poor record keeping, and the real number of deaths could have been five to 10 times higher.}}</ref><ref name="Tasker">{{Cite news2|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/residential-schools-findings-point-to-cultural-genocide-commission-chair-says-1.3093580|title=Residential schools findings point to 'cultural genocide', commission chair says|last1=Tasker|first1=John Paul|date=May 29, 2015|accessdate=July 1, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518220713/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/residential-schools-findings-point-to-cultural-genocide-commission-chair-says-1.3093580|archivedate=May 18, 2016|url-status=live|publisher=CBC News}}</ref><ref name="Smith">{{Cite news2|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/12/15/truth-and-reconciliation-commissions-report-details-deaths-of-3201-children-in-residential-schools.html|title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission's report details deaths of 3,201 children in residential schools|last1=Smith|first1=Joanna|date=December 15, 2015|work=Toronto Star|accessdate=November 27, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826133919/https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/12/15/truth-and-reconciliation-commissions-report-details-deaths-of-3201-children-in-residential-schools.html|archivedate=August 26, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="trccanada">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.trc.ca/websites/trcinstitution/File/2015/Findings/Exec_Summary_2015_05_31_web_o.pdf|title=Honouring the Truth, Reconciling for the Future: Summary of the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada|author=Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada|date=2015|page=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921023350/http://www.trc.ca/websites/trcinstitution/File/2015/Findings/Exec_Summary_2015_05_31_web_o.pdf|archive-date=September 21, 2018 |url-status=dead|access-date=September 20, 2018|quote=The establishment and operation of residential schools were a central element of this policy, which can best be described as 'cultural genocide'.}}</ref>
|504 years
|アメリカ先住民の虐殺の総死亡者数はまだ完全には把握されていないが、多くのアメリカ先住民が死亡した。
強制労働、戦争、および虐殺により数千から数百万人が殺害されている。 南北アメリカで懸賞金のため殺害されたアパッチの数は不明。

参照：[[アメリカ先住民|アメリカの植民地化]]、[[エンコミエンダ制]]、[[メキシコ先住民戦争]]、インド虐殺のリスト
|-
||[[ホロドモール]]
||{{nts|7000000}}<ref name=":68">KUROMIYA Hiroaki, Stalin: Profiles In Power、Routledge、2005, p103, [[ノーマン・ナイマーク|ネイマーク]]『スターリンのジェノサイド』第四章原注(2):p.xvi</ref>
||{{nts|14500000}}<ref name=":70">コンクエスト『悲しみの収穫』恵雅堂出版、2007年、, p495-509</ref>
||{{nts|10,074,721}}
||[[ソビエト連邦|ソ連]]
||1932
||1933
|1 year
||「ホロドモール」は一般に人為的な飢饉を指す。 現地在住のウクライナ人が所持する穀物の量や民族移動を制限した。
この用語には、[[大粛清]]、正教会との間のウクライナの知識層の殺害も含まれる。

提唱はジェノサイドとという言葉を生んだ[[ラファエル・レムキン]]。

一部の学者は、飢饉がソビエト政府によって意図的に設計されたものであるか、それが大量虐殺であったと主張している。<ref>Oleh Wolowyna, Serhii Plokhy, Nataliia Levchuk, Omelian Rudnytskyi, Alla Kovbasiuk, Pavlo Shevchuk, Regional variations of 1932–34 famine losses in Ukraine,Canadian Studies in Population43, no. 3–4 (2016): 175–202.</ref><ref>[[中井和夫]]他『ポーランド・ウクライナ・バルト史』</ref><ref>[[栗生沢猛夫]]『図説　ロシアの歴史』2010年（2014年増補）, p.131-134.</ref><ref>『世界歴史体系　ロシア史3』山川出版社、1997年、p.201-206.</ref><ref>ティモシー・スナイダー『ブラッドランド　上』p82-93, 100-112.</ref><ref>ヴィクトル・コンドラーシン,2006,p495-503</ref>
|-
||[[ホロコースト]]||{{nts|4200000}}<ref>Reitlinger, Gerald. ''The Final Solution. The Attempt to Exterminate the Jews of Europe, 1939–1945'', New York: Beechhurst Press. Review by Friedman, Philip (1954). "Review of The Final Solution". Jewish Social Studies 16 (2): 186–89. {{JSTOR|4465231}}. See also a review by Hyamson, Albert M. (1953). "Review of The Final Solution". International Affairs 29 (4): 494–95. {{JSTOR|2606046}}</ref>
||{{nts|6300000}}<ref>"How many Jews were murdered in the Holocaust?". Yad Vashem. (FAQs about the Holocaust).</ref><ref>"The Holocaust: Tracing Lost Family Members". JVL. Retrieved November 2013.</ref>
||{{nts|5143928}}
||[[ナチス・ドイツ]]占領下のヨーロッパ
||1941
||1945
|4 years
||ドイツとドイツ植民地におけるユダヤ人の組織的な大量虐殺。
|-
||[[ポーランド人に対するナチスの犯罪]]
||{{nts|2770000}}
||{{nts|2770000}}
||{{nts|2770000}}
||[[ポーランド]]
||1941
||1945
|4 years
||[[Genocide]] of Christian Poles during the invasion of [[Poland]] by [[Nazi Germany|Germany]].
|-
|[[三光作戦]]
|{{nts|2470000}}
|{{nts|2700000}}
|{{nts|2582440}}
|中国
|1940
|1942
|2 years
|In a study published in 1996, historian Mitsuyoshi Himeta claims that the Three Alls Policy, a scorched earth policy implemented by the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] on China, sanctioned by [[Emperor Hirohito]] himself, was both directly and indirectly responsible for the deaths of "more than 2.7 million" Chinese civilians.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}– Part of the [[Japanese war crimes]]
|-
||[[クメール・ルージュ|カンボジア大虐殺]]
||{{nts|1386734}}<ref name="Bruce Sharp">{{Cite web2
 | last = Sharp
 | first = Bruce
 | title = Counting Hell: The Death Toll of the Khmer Rouge Regime in Cambodia
 | date= April 1, 2005
 | url = http://www.mekong.net/cambodia/deaths.htm
 | accessdate =July 5, 2006}}</ref>
||{{nts|3400000}}<ref name="Heuveline, Patrick 2001">Heuveline, Patrick (2001). "The Demographic Analysis of Mortality in Cambodia". In ''Forced Migration and Mortality'', eds. Holly E. Reed and Charles B. Keely. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
||{{nts|2171381}}
||[[カンボジア]]
||1975
||1979
|4 years
||Deaths due to arbitrary torture, execution, starvation, and forced labor among the population of [[Cambodia]] under the rule of [[Pol Pot]] and the [[Khmer Rouge]], including both killings of ethnic [[Khmer people|Khmer]] (the majority ethnic group) as well as a [[Cambodian genocide#Ethnic and religious victims|genocide of religious and ethnic minorities by the Khmer Rouge]].
Minimum death toll is the number of corpses found in the [[Killing Fields]].{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}<br />[[Samuel Totten]] argues the mass killings were committed by fellow Khmer, and the Khmer were killed more in proportion to their population than other victims of the Khmer Rouge, making it more of a [[politicide]].<ref name="ReferenceC" />

These killings have been described as ''autogenocide'' or ''civil genocide.''

According to [[Samuel Totten]] {{nts|1325000}} ethnic Khmers were killed.
|-
||[[ルワンダ虐殺]]とブルンジ虐殺
||{{nts|905000}}
||{{nts|1595000}}
||{{nts|1234190}}
||[[ブルンジ]]、[[ルワンダ]]、[[ザイール]]
||1959
||1997
|38 years
||Combined death toll of all [[genocides]] and other massacres between the [[Hutus]] and the [[Tutsis]].
Regarded as the most efficient [[genocide]] of the 20th century, the [[Rwandan genocide]] was the disorganized communal mass murder of [[Tutsi]]s, by their rival tribe the [[Hutu]] through the Rwandan government and [[Hutu Power]] militias such as the [[Interahamwe]] and [[Impuzamugambi]].{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}

Violence peaked in the hundred days between April 7, 1994 and July 15, 1994, during which time between 500,000 and 1,000,000 people were killed.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
||[[ソビエト連邦|ソ連]]による強制移住
||{{nts|1000000}}
||{{nts|1500000}}
||{{nts|1224745}}
||[[ソビエト連邦]]
||1920
||1951
|31 years
||May include casualties of [[decossackization]].
|-
||[[ドイツ人追放]]
||{{nts|500000}}
||{{nts|3000000}}
||{{nts|1224745}}
|| 東ヨーロッパ
|| 1944
|| 1950
|6 years
||Both direct and indirect deaths of ethnic German civilians and POWs during the redrawing of national borders after World War II.
|-
|カザフスタンの飢饉
||{{nts|1500000}}
||{{nts|2300000}}
||{{nts|1857418}}
|[[カザフスタン]]
|1932
|1933
|1 year
|– Part of the [[Soviet famine of 1932–33]]
|-
||[[アルメニア人虐殺]]
||{{nts|800000}}
||{{nts|1500000}}
||{{nts|1095445}}
||[[オスマン帝国]]
||1914
||1918
|4 years
||The first [[genocide]] of the 20th century to kill over 1,000,000 people, this event was conducted by the [[Young Turks]] government of the [[Ottoman Empire]] under the administration of [[Talaat Pasha]], [[Enver Pasha]] and [[Djemal Pasha]].
|-
||[[ハザーラ人]]の迫害
||{{nts|400000}}<ref>{{Cite web2|title=H A Z A R A G E N O C I D E ( 1 8 8 8 - 1 8 9 3 ) |url=https://accopulocrat.wixsite.com/hazaragenocide|website=Wixsite}}</ref>
||{{nts|2500000}}<ref name=pitasour>{{Cite web2 |last1=Bussi |first1=Pierluigi |title=IL GENOCIDIO DEGLI HAZARA |url=http://ilkim.it/il-genocidio-degli-hazara/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031042836/http://ilkim.it/il-genocidio-degli-hazara/ |archivedate=2019-10-31 |website=Kim International Magazine}}</ref>
||{{nts|1000000}} 
||[[アフガニスタン]]
||1888
||1893
|5 years
||Over 60% of the Hazara population were either massacred or displaced in [[Abdur Rahman Khan]]'s crackdown of the [[Hazaras]].
|-
||[[土客械闘]]
||{{nts|1000000}}
||{{nts|1000000}}
||{{nts|1000000}}
||中国
||1850
||1867
|17 years
||After the fall of the [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]] the [[Qing]] government cracked down on the [[Hakka]] ethnic group for allying with the kingdom slaughtering 30,000 per day. The death toll of the [[Punti-Hakka Clan Wars]] is estimated to be 1,000,000 and there was also a mass execution done during the [[Taiping Rebellion]]. It is unclear whether these events refer to the Qing crackdown. If this death toll is applied to the estimated death rate, the massacre likely took place over the course of a month.<ref>Purcell, Victor. ''China''. London: Ernest Benn, 1962. pg. 167<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref><ref>Quoted in ibid., pg. 239.</ref><ref>Chesneaux, Jean. ''Peasant Revolts in China, 1840–1949''. Translated by C. A. Curwen. New York: W. W. Norton, 1973. pg. 40<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
|-
||フランスのアルジェリア征服
||{{nts|500000}}
||{{nts|1000000}}
||{{nts|707107}}
||[[アルジェリア]]
||1827
||1875
|48 years
||Within the first three decades, the French military massacred between half a million to one million from approximately three million Algerian people.<ref>{{Cite book2|last=Jalata|first=Asafa|title=Phases of Terrorism in the Age of Globalization: From Christopher Columbus to Osama bin Laden|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SCjxCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA92|date=2016|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US|isbn=978-1-137-55234-1|pages=92–3}}</ref>
|-
||[[インド・パキスタン分離独立]]
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|2000000}}
||{{nts|632456}}
||インド
||1947
||1957
|10 years
||In the riots which preceded the partition in the Punjab Province, it is believed that between 200,000 and 2,000,000 people were killed in the retributive genocide between [[Hindus]] and [[Muslims]].<ref>D'Costa, Bina (2011). ''Nationbuilding, Gender and War Crimes in South Asia'', Routledge. pg. 53; {{ISBN2|9780415565660}}</ref><ref>Sikand, Yoginder (2004). ''Muslims in India Since 1947: Islamic Perspectives on Inter-Faith Relations'', Routledge. pg. 5; {{ISBN2|9781134378258}}</ref><ref>Butalia, Urvashi (2000). ''The Other Side of Silence: Voices From the Partition of India'', Duke University Press.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
|-
||[[ジュンガル]]虐殺
||{{nts|480000}}
||{{nts|600000}}
||{{nts|536656}}
||[[ジュンガル]]
||1755
||1758
|3 years
||The mass extermination of [[Dzungar people|Dzungar Mongols]] by the [[Qing dynasty]] under the order of the [[Qianlong Emperor]].
|-
||[[ギリシア人虐殺]]
||{{nts|289000}}
||{{nts|750000}}
||{{nts|465564}}
||オスマン帝国
||1913
||1922
|9 years
||Violent [[ethnic cleansing]] of [[Greeks]] from their historical homeland of [[Anatolia]].
|-
||[[クロアチア独立国]]におけるセルビア人虐殺
||{{nts|200000}}<ref name="auto11">{{Cite web2 |last1=Rummel |first1=R.J. |title=Yugoslavian Democide: Estimates, Sources, and Calculations |url=https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB9.1.GIF |website=View Line 237}}</ref>
||{{nts|1000000}}<ref name="auto11" />
||{{nts|447214}}
||[[クロアチア独立国]]
||1941
||1945
|4 years
||Genocide of [[Serbs]] by the [[Ustaše]] government of the [[Independent State of Croatia]]
|-
||[[チェルケス人]]虐殺
||{{nts|400000}}
||{{nts|500000}}
||{{nts|447214}}
||[[チェルケシア]]
|| 1864
|| 1867
|3 years
|| Deaths from mass expulsion of Circassians after Russian conquest.
|-
||[[アルビジョア十字軍]]
||{{nts|200000}}<ref name="Albigensian Crusade">{{Cite web2|last1=White|first1=Matthew|title=Albigensian Crusade|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Albigensian|website=necrometrics}}</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}
||{{nts|1000000}}<ref name="Albigensian Crusade" /><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}
||{{nts|447214}}
||[[ラングドック]]（フランス）
||1209
||1229
|20 years
||[[Raphael Lemkin]], well known as the coiner of the term "[[genocide]]", referred to the [[Albigensian Crusade]] as "one of the most conclusive cases of genocide in religious history".<ref name="LemkinJacobs2012">{{Cite book2|author=Raphael Lemkin|authorlink=Raphael Lemkin|editor=Steven Leonard Jacobs|title=Lemkin on Genocide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9pkney_zw8C&pg=PA71|year=2012|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-4526-5|page=71}}</ref>
|-
||ソ連によるポーランド人殺害
||{{nts|260000}}
||{{nts|750000}}
||{{nts|441588}}
||ソビエト連邦、ポーランド
||1937
||1946
|9 years
||<ref>Tomasz Szarota & Wojciech Materski (2009), Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami, Warsaw: Institute of National Remembrance; {{ISBN2|978-83-7629-067-6}} (Excerpt reproduced in digital form).</ref>
|-
||ブラジルにおける先住民虐殺
||{{nts|235000}}
||{{nts|800000}}
||{{nts|433590}}
||ブラジル
||1900
||1985
|85 years
||<ref name="necrometrics.com">{{Cite web2|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c300k.htm#Brazil|title=Secondary Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century – Brazil|last1=White|first1=Matthew|website=Necrometrics}}</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}} – Part of the [[Native American Genocide|Genocide of indigenous peoples in the Americas]]
|-
||[[チベット問題|チベットの占領]]
||{{nts|144000}}<ref>Smith 1997, pp. 600–01 n. 8</ref>
||{{nts|1200000}}<ref name="Tibet: Proving Truth from Facts">"[http://www.tibet.net/en/diir/pubs/wp/tb96/Tibet%20Proving%20Truth.pdf Tibet: Proving Truth from Facts]". {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615161100/http://www.tibet.net/en/diir/pubs/wp/tb96/Tibet%20Proving%20Truth.pdf|date=June 15, 2007}}, ''The Department of Information and International Relations: Central Tibetan Administration'', 1996. pg. 53<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
||{{nts|415692}}
||[[チベット]]
||1950
||present
|68 years
||In 1960, the western-based [[Nongovernmental organization|nongovernmental]] [[International Commission of Jurists]] (ICJ) gave a report titled ''Tibet and the Chinese People's Republic to the United Nations''. The report was prepared by the ICJ's Legal Inquiry Committee, composed of eleven international lawyers from around the world. This report accused the Chinese of the crime of [[genocide]] in Tibet, after nine years of full occupation, six years before the devastation of the [[cultural revolution]] began.{{Full citation needed|date=May 2019}} The ICJ also documented accounts of massacres, tortures and killings, bombardment of monasteries, and extermination of whole nomad camps. Declassified Soviet archives provides data that Chinese communists, who received a great assistance in military equipment from the Soviets, broadly used Soviet aircraft for bombing monasteries and other punitive operations in Tibet.<ref>Kuzmin, S.L. ''[http://savetibet.ru/img/2010/tibet-book-eng.pdf Hidden Tibet: History of Independence and Occupation]''. Dharamsala, LTWA, 2011.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>{{quote needed|date=May 2019}}
|-
||ポライモス（ロマ虐殺）
||{{nts|220000}}
||{{nts|500000}}
||{{nts|331662}}
||ナチス占領下のヨーロッパ
||1941
||1945
|4 years
||The [[genocide]] of [[Romani people|Romani]] by [[Nazi Germany]] and its puppet states.
|-
||1971年の[[バングラデシュ]]における虐殺
||{{ntsh|26000}}
26,000<ref name="deathcount-pakistani">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.bangla2000.com/Bangladesh/Independence-War/Report-Hamoodur-Rahman/chapter2.shtm|title=Alleged atrocities by the Pakistan Army (paragraph 33)|work=Hamoodur Rahman Commission Report|date=October 23, 1974|accessdate=June 13, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012130637/http://www.bangla2000.com/Bangladesh/Independence-War/Report-Hamoodur-Rahman/chapter2.shtm|archive-date=October 12, 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
||{{nts|3000000}}<ref>{{Cite web2 |last1=Rummel |first1=R.J. |title=Pakistan Genocide in Bangladesh: Estimates, Sources, and Calculations |url=https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB8.2.GIF |website=View Line 82}}</ref>
||{{nts|279285}}
||[[東パキスタン]]
||March 21, 1971
||December 16, 1971
|8 months, 2 weeks and 3 days
||See also: [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], [[Operation Searchlight]], [[List of massacres in Bangladesh]], [[Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War]]
|-
||[[クメール・ルージュ]]による中国人虐殺
||{{nts|215000}}<ref name="ReferenceC">{{Cite web2|last1=White|first1=Matthew|title=20th Century death tolls larger than one million but fewer than 5 million people-Cambodia|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm#Cambodia|website=necrometrics|accessdate=March 8, 2018}}</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}
||{{nts|225000}}
||{{nts|219943}}
||カンボジア
||1975
||1979
|4 years
||More than half of the [[Chinese people|Chinese]] population of [[Cambodia]] were slaughtered by the [[Khmer Rouge]].<ref>{{Cite book2|title=Century of Genocide: Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts|last=Totten|first=Samuel|authorlink=Samuel Totten|author2=William S. Parsons|author3-link=Israel W. Charny|author3=Israel W. Charny|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-415-94430-9|page=345|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Ef8Hrx8Cd0C&pg=PA345}}</ref>– Part of the [[Cambodian genocide]]
|-
|[[アッシリア人]]虐殺
|{{nts|150000}}
|{{nts|300000}}
|{{nts|212132}}
|オスマン帝国
|1914
|1920
|6 years
|One of the various [[genocides]] and [[ethnic cleansings]] the [[Ottoman Empire]] committed under the administration of the [[Young Turks]].
|-
||クメール・ルージュによるカンボジア虐殺
||{{nts|90000}}<ref name="ReferenceC" />
||{{nts|500000}}<ref>Hannum, Hurst (1989). "International Law and Cambodian Genocide: The Sounds of Silence", ''Human Rights Quarterly'' (Johns Hopkins University Press) 11 (1): 82–138. {{doi|10.2307/761936}}. {{JSTOR|761936}}.</ref>
||{{nts|212132}}
||カンボジア
||1975
||1979
|4 years
||The [[genocide]] slaughtered over 70% of the [[Chams|Cham]] [[Muslim]] population in [[Cambodia]] according to themselves.
According to [[Ben Kiernan]], Cham were subjected to the most brutal treatment of those persecuted by the [[Khmer Rouge]] and subjected to the slaughter of 36% of their population according to [[Samuel Totten]].{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}

– Part of the [[Cambodian genocide]]
|-
||[[第一次コンゴ戦争]]における[[フツ]]難民の虐殺
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|220000}}<ref>CDI: The Center for Defense Information, The Defense Monitor, "The World At War: January 1, 1998".</ref>
||{{nts|209762}}
||ザイール
||1996
||1997
|1 year
||During the [[First Congo War]], Rwanda was able to destroy refugee camps, which the ''génocidaires'' had been using as their safe-bases, and forcibly repatriate Tutsi to Rwanda. During this process, Rwandan and aligned forces committed multiple atrocities, mainly against Hutu refugees. The true extent of the abuses is unknown because the AFDL and RPF carefully managed NGO and press access to areas where atrocities were thought to have occurred;<ref>Reyntjens, Filip. The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996–2006. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. pg. 100<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref> however, [[Amnesty International]] claimed as many as 200,000 Rwandese Hutu refugees were massacred by them and the [[Rwandan Defence Forces]] and aligned forces.<ref name="amnesty1998">"[https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr62/033/1998/en/ Democratic Republic of Congo. An long-standing crisis spinning out of control]". . Amnesty International, September 3, 1998, pg. 9. AI Index: AFR 62/33/98.</ref> The United Nations similarly documented mass killings of civilians by Rwandan, Ugandan and the [[Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo|ADFL]] soldiers in the [[DRC Mapping Exercise Report]].{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
||[[Wei–Jie war#Extermination of the Wu Hu|Extermination of the Wu Hu]]
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||中国北部
||350
||351
|1 year
||Ancient Chinese texts record that General [[Ran Min]] ordered the extermination of the [[Five Barbarians|Wu Hu]], especially the [[Jie people]], during the [[Wei–Jie war]] in the fourth century AD. People with racial characteristics such as high-bridged noses and bushy beards were killed; in total, 200,000 were reportedly massacred.<ref>[http://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7107 《晉書·卷一百七》] [[Jin Shu]] '''Original text''' 閔躬率趙人誅諸胡羯，無貴賤男女少長皆斬之，死者二十余萬，屍諸城外，悉為野犬豺狼所食。屯據四方者，所在承閔書誅之，于時高鼻多須至有濫死者半。</ref>
|-
||[[クロムウェルのアイルランド侵略]]
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||[[アイルランド]]
||1649
||1653
|4 years
||The Parliamentarian reconquest of Ireland was brutal, and Cromwell is still a hated figure in Ireland.<ref>John Morley, ''Biography of Oliver Cromwell'', p. 298. published 1900 and 2001; {{ISBN2|978-1-4212-6707-4}} "Cromwell is still a hate figure in Ireland today because of the brutal effectiveness of his campaigns in Ireland. Of course, his victories in Ireland made him a hero in Protestant England." {{Cite web2|url=http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/civilwar/g5/cs2/s4|title=Archived copy|accessdate=May 25, 2009 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928062053/http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/civilwar/g5/cs2/s4|archivedate=September 28, 2007}} British National Archives web site. Retrieved March 2007; {{Cite web2|url=http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/military/1649-52-cromwell-ireland.htm|title=Archived copy|accessdate=January 17, 2006 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211163740/http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/military/1649-52-cromwell-ireland.htm|archivedate=December 11, 2004}} From a history site dedicated to the English Civil War. "...&nbsp;making Cromwell's name into one of the most hated in Irish history". Retrieved March 2007. {{Cite web2 |url=http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/military/1649-52-cromwell-ireland.htm|title=Archived copy|accessdate=January 17, 2006 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211163740/http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/military/1649-52-cromwell-ireland.htm|archivedate=December 11, 2004}}</ref> The extent to which Cromwell, who was in direct command for the first year of the campaign, was responsible for the atrocities is debated to this day. Some historians<ref>Philip McKeiver in his 2007 work, ''A New History of Cromwell's Irish Campaign'' {{ISBN2|978-0-9554663-0-4}} and Tom Reilly, 1999, ''Cromwell: An Honourable Enemy''; {{ISBN2|0-86322-250-1}}</ref> argue that the actions of Cromwell were within the then-accepted rules of war, or were exaggerated or distorted by later propagandists. These arguments, in turn, have been challenged by others.<ref>{{Cite journal2|last=Coyle|first=Eugene|title=Cromwell: An Honourable Enemy, Tom Reilly [review of]|url=https://www.historyireland.com/cromwell-an-honourable-enemy-tom-reilly-brandon-press-17-99-isbn-0863222501/|date=Winter 1999|journal=History Ireland|issue=4|department=Book Reviews|volume=7|accessdate=October 10, 2014}}</ref>
|-
||[[Caste War of Yucatán]]
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||[[ユカタン半島]], メキシコ
||1847
||1901
|54 years
||The [[Caste War of Yucatán]] against the population of European descent, called Yucatecos, who held political and economic control of the region. Adam Jones wrote, "Genocidal atrocities on both sides cost up to 200,000 killed."{{sfn|Robins|Jones|2009|p=50}}– Part of the [[Native American Genocide|Genocide of indigenous peoples in the Americas]]
|-
|[[Great Famine of Mount Lebanon]]
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|200000}}
|[[レバノン山脈]]
|1915
|1918
|3 years
|One of the various [[genocides]] and [[ethnic cleansings]] the [[Ottoman Empire]] committed under the administration of the [[Young Turks]].
|-
||[[第三次ポエニ戦争]]
||{{nts|150000}}<ref>{{Cite book2|last1=Dutton |first1=Donald G. |title=The Psychology of Genocide, Massacres, and Extreme Violence: Why "normal" People Come to Commit Atrocities|year=2007|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]|page=14|isbn=9780275990008}}</ref>
||{{nts|250000}}<ref>{{Cite book2|last1=Friedman|first1=Mark|title=Genocide (Hot Topics)|year=2013|publisher=Raintree|page=58|isbn=9781406235081}}</ref>
||{{nts|193649}}
||[[チュニジア]]
||149 BC
||146 BC
|3 years
||This war was a much smaller engagement than the two previous Punic Wars and focused on [[Tunisia]], mainly on the [[Battle of Carthage (c. 149 BC)|Siege of Carthage]], which resulted in the complete destruction of the city, the annexation of all remaining Carthaginian territory by Rome, and the death or enslavement of the entire Carthaginian population. The Third Punic War ended Carthage's independent existence.
|-
||[[Destruction of Kurdish villages during the Iraqi Arabization campaign]]
||{{nts|87500}}
||{{nts|388100}}
||{{nts|184279}}
||イラク
||1977
||1991
|14 years
| [[Destruction of Kurdish villages during the Iraqi Arabization campaign#Major population damaging events|87,500 to 388,100 Kurds]] were killed in the [[destruction of Kurdish villages during the Iraqi Arabization campaign]] including: 2,500<ref name="noriracasua">''Routine calculations do not count as original research, provided there is consensus among editors that the result of the calculation is obvious, correct, and a meaningful reflection of the sources. Basic arithmetic, such as adding numbers, converting units, or calculating a person's age are some examples of routine calculations. See also Category:Conversion templates.''<br />
https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB14.1C.GIF row 1313 and 1314
<br />1,000,000 and 10,000 to 2,000,000 and 100,000 Kurds were displaced and killed respectively between 1963 and 1987; 250,000 of them in 1977 and 1978. If deaths are proportional to the displacement then 2,500 to 12,500 Kurds would of died during this period depending on the scale of overall displacement and deaths used.</ref> to 12,500<ref name=noriracasua /> in the [[Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in North Iraq]], 10,000<ref name=chestnut>{{Cite book2 |last1=Chestnut Greitens |first1=Sheena |title=Dictators and their Secret Police: Coercive Institutions and State Violence |pages=289 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=NgfFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA289&lpg=PA289&dq=feyli+kurds+disappeared+12,000#v=onepage&q=feyli%20kurds%20disappeared%2012%2C000&f=false|isbn=9781316712566 |date=August 16, 2016 }}</ref> to 25,000<ref name="alkur">{{Cite book2|last1=Jaffar Al-Faylee|first1=Zaki|title=Tareekh Al-Kurd Al-Faylyoon|date=2010|location=Beirut|pages=485, 499–501}}</ref><ref name="heksih">{{Cite book2|last1=Al-Hakeem|first1=Dr. Sahib|title=Untold stories of more than 4000 women raped killed and tortured in Iraq, the country of mass graves|date=2003|pages=489–492}}</ref>{{Clarify|is this a supplied title because it cannot be traced by title or author|date=December 2017}} were killed during the [[Persecution of Feyli Kurds under Saddam Hussein|Feyli Kurds operation]], 5,000<ref name="bazmem">{{Cite web2 |title=The Tragedy of the Missing Barzanis |url=https://kurdistanmemoryprogramme.com/the-tragedy-of-the-missing-barzanis/ |access-date=2019-11-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119065607/https://kurdistanmemoryprogramme.com/the-tragedy-of-the-missing-barzanis/ |archivedate=2019-11-19 |website=Kurdistan Memory Programme}}</ref> to 8,000<ref name="pbs.org">{{Cite web2 |last1=Jones |first1=Dave |title=The Crimes of Saddam Hussein 1983 The Missing Barzanis |url=https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/iraq501/events_barzanis.html |website=Frontline World |publisher=PBS |access-date=2006-02-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060206033715/https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/iraq501/events_barzanis.html |archive-date=2006-02-06}}</ref> Kurds were disappeared in the 
[[Kurdish rebellion of 1983|1983 Barzani killings]], 50,000<ref name="hrw">[https://hrw.org/reports/1993/iraqanfal/ GENOCIDE IN IRAQ] Human Rights Watch, 1993</ref> to 100,000<ref name="hrw"/> (although Kurdish sources have cited a higher figure of 182,000<ref name="Frontline">{{Cite web2 |url=https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/iraq501/events_anfal.html |title=The Crimes of Saddam Hussein – 1988 The Anfal Campaign |publisher=PBS Frontline |date=January 24, 2006 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060206034420/https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/iraq501/events_anfal.html |archivedate=February 6, 2006 |accessdate=November 15, 2019}}</ref>) more Kurds were massacred in the [[Anfal genocide]], and at least 20,000<ref name="upris">{{Cite web2 |last1=Zenko |first1=Micah |title=Remembering the Iraqi Uprising Twenty-Five Years Ago |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/remembering-iraqi-uprising-twenty-five-years-ago |website=Council on Foreign Relations |access-date=2023-10-06}}</ref> were killed during the [[1991 Iraqi uprising]] notwithstanding an additional 48,400<ref name="kurdrefugees">
1,000 deaths per day in April, May and June along Turkish border
''a -'' "Iraqi Deaths from the Gulf War as of April 1992," Greenpeace, Washington, D.C. See also "Aftermath of War: The Persian Gulf War Refugee Crisis," Staff Report to the Senate Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Immigration and Refugee Affairs, May 20, 1991. The figure of nearly 1,000 deaths per day is also given in "Kurdistan in the Time of Saddam Hussein," Staff Report to the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, November 1991, p.14. 
"hundreds" (100 to 900?) died per day along Iranian border 
''b -'' [http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1991/Kurdish-Refugees-Straggle-Into-Iran-Followed-By-Tragedy/id-2a413a508ec5af132b9cc245172f3f9c Kurdish Refugees Straggle Into Iran, Followed By Tragedy], Associated Press, Apr 13, 1991
1,100 to 1,900 (''a '' + ''b'') deaths per day from at least April 13th (''b'') up to between May 1st and May 31st (''a ''); which suggests 44 to 74 days:
1,100(44)=  48,400
1,900(74)= 140,600
'''Routine calculations'''
''Routine calculations do not count as original research, provided there is consensus among editors that the result of the calculation is obvious, correct, and a meaningful reflection of the sources. Basic arithmetic, such as adding numbers, converting units, or calculating a person's age are some examples of routine calculations. See also Category:Conversion templates.''
</ref> to 140,600<ref name=kurdrefugees /> Kurdish refugees that starved to death along the Iranian and Turkish borders.
|-
||[[ダルフール]]虐殺
||{{plainlist|
* {{nts|63000}}<ref name="Darfur: Counting the Deaths: Mortality Estimates from Multiple Survey Data">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.cedat.be/sites/default/files/ID%20214%20-%20Counting%20the%20death%20(2).pdf|title=Microsoft Word – Letters9 |accessdate=March 24, 2010}}</ref>
* {{nts|10000}} (Sudan)<ref>"[http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5gMU9_nxHnfBspo342jYG0nXyx7-gD91TRRCO0 Sudan president charged with genocide in Darfur]", ''[[Associated Press]]''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724220641/http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5gMU9_nxHnfBspo342jYG0nXyx7-gD91TRRCO0|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref>}}
||{{plainlist|
* {{nts|450000}}<ref name="Quantifying Genocide in Darfur">Dr. [[Eric Reeves]], [http://www.sudanreeves.org/Article102.html Quantifying Genocide in Darfur], April 28, 2006 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728071750/http://www.sudanreeves.org/Article102.html|date=July 28, 2011}}</ref>
* {{nts|300000}} (U.N.)<ref name="bodycount">{{Cite news2|title=U.N.: 100,000 more dead in Darfur than reported|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/africa/04/22/darfur.holmes/index.html|publisher=CNN|date=April 22, 2008|accessdate=April 22, 2008}}</ref>}}
||{{plainlist|
* {{nts|168375}} (non-government estimates)
* {{nts|54772}} (government estimates)}}
||[[ダルフール]], [[スーダン]]
||2003
||present
|15 years
||The [[War in Darfur]] is a major armed conflict in the [[Darfur]] region of [[Sudan]] that began in February 2003 when the [[Sudan Liberation Movement/Army|Sudan Liberation Movement]] (SLM) and [[Justice and Equality Movement]] (JEM) rebel groups began fighting the [[government of Sudan]], which they accused of oppressing Darfur's non-[[Arab]] population.<ref>{{Cite news2|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3496731.stm|title=Q&A: Sudan's Darfur conflict|work=BBC News|date=February 8, 2010|accessdate=March 24, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://www.alertnet.org/db/crisisprofiles/SD_DAR.htm|title=Darfur conflict|publisher=Alertnet.org|accessdate=March 24, 2010}}</ref> The government responded to attacks by carrying out a campaign of [[ethnic cleansing]] against Darfur's non-Arabs. This resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of civilians and the indictment of Sudan's president [[Omar al-Bashir]] for [[genocide]], war crimes, and [[crimes against humanity]] by the [[International Criminal Court]].<ref>{{Cite web2|title=The Prosecutor v. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir|url=https://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/icc/situations%20and%20cases/situations/situation%20icc%200205/related%20cases/icc02050109/Pages/icc02050109.aspx|website=[[International Criminal Court]]|accessdate=April 24, 2016}}</ref>
|-
||[[Polish Operation of the NKVD (1937–38)|Polish Operation of the NKVD]]
||{{nts|110000}}
||{{nts|250000}}
||{{nts|165831}}
||ソビエト連邦
||1937
||1938
|1 year
||The operation from 1937 to 1938 to eliminate the Polish minority in the Soviet Union.
|-
||[[Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush]]
||{{nts|123000}}<ref>{{Cite book2|last=Pohl|first=J. Otto|year=1999|title=Ethnic Cleansing in the USSR, 1937–1949|publisher=[[Greenwood Press]]|lccn=98046822|isbn=9780313309212|ref={{SfnRef|Pohl|1999}}|pages=97–98}}</ref>
||{{nts|200000}}<ref>{{Cite book2|last1=Bancheli|last2=Bartmann|last3=Srebrnik|first1=Tozun|first2=Barry|first3=Henry|title=De Facto States: The Quest for Sovereignty|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135771201|ref={{SfnRef|Bancheli|Bartmann|Srebrnik|2004}}|page=229}}</ref>
||{{nts|156843}}
||ソビエト連邦
||February 1944
||March 1944
|1 month
||Expulsion of the whole of the [[Nakh peoples|Vainakh]] ([[Chechen people|Chechen]] and [[Ingush people|Ingush]]) populations of the [[North Caucasus]] to [[Central Asia]].
|-
||[[Hamidian Massacres]]
||{{nts|80000}}
||{{nts|300000}}
||{{nts|154919}}
||オスマン帝国
||1894
||1896
|2 years
||Mass murder of Armenian (and other Christian) civilians under [[Sultan]] [[Abdul Hamid II]] that foreshadowed the [[Armenian Genocide]].
|-
||[[Indonesian occupation of East Timor]]
||{{nts|60000}}<ref name="works.bepress.com">{{Cite journal2|last=Cribb|first=Robert|date=2001|title=How many deaths? Problems in the statistics of massacre in Indonesia (1965-1966) and East Timor (1975-1980) |journal=Bepress |url=https://works.bepress.com/robert_cribb/2/|language=en}}</ref>
||{{nts|308000}}<ref name="Defert, Gabriel 1992">Defert, Gabriel, Timor Est le Genocide Oublié, L'Hartman, 1992.</ref>
||{{nts|135941}}
||[[東ティモール]]
||{{nts|1974|format=no}}
||{{nts|1999|format=no}}
|25 years
|| The civilian deaths under the Indonesian occupation of East Timor, including killings, disappearances, and deaths caused by conflict-related hunger and illness,<ref>{{Cite web2|title=Conflict-related deaths in Timor-Leste 1974–1999|url=http://www.cavr-timorleste.org/updateFiles/english/CONFLICT-RELATED%20DEATHS.pdf|publisher=Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor|accessdate=December 29, 2013}}</ref> resulted in an enormous proportional loss of life upon the island some estimating as high as 13% up to almost a third to almost 44% of the population.<ref name="Defert, Gabriel 1992" /><ref>''Asia Watch, Human Rights in Indonesia and East Timor'', Human Rights Watch, New York, 1989, p. 253<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref><ref name="yale-university.org">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.yale-university.org/gsp/publications/KiernanRevised1.pdf|title=Yale University|accessdate=February 18, 2008 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227144225/http://www.yale-university.org/gsp/publications/KiernanRevised1.pdf|archivedate=February 27, 2009}}</ref>
|-
||[[Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia]]
||{{nts|60000}}<ref>''The Reconstruction of Nations'', 2004</ref><ref>''W kręgu Łun w Bieszczadach'', 2009, page 13</ref><ref>''Od rzezi wołyńskiej do akcji "Wisła", 2011, pp. 447–448<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed -->''</ref>
||{{nts|300000}}<ref>Terles in ''Ethnic Cleansing'', p. 61<br />Czesław Partacz, ''Prawda historyczna na prawda polityczna w badaniach naukowych. Przykład ludobójstwa na Kresach Południowo-Wschodniej Polski w latach 1939–1946''<br />Lucyna Kulińska "Dzieci Kresów III", Kraków 2009, p.&nbsp;467<br />Józef Turowski, Władysław Siemaszko: Zbrodnie nacjonalistów ukraińskich dokonane na ludności polskiej na Wołyniu 1939–1945. Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich w Polsce – Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Środowisko Żołnierzy 27 Wołyńskiej Dywizji Armii Krajowej w Warszawie, 1990
Hochspringen ↑ Władysław Siemaszko, Ewa Siemaszko [2000]: Ludobójstwo dokonane przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na ludności polskiej Wołynia 1939–1945. Borowiecky, Warszawa 2000; {{ISBN2|83-87689-34-3}}, S. 1056.</ref>
||{{nts|134164}}
||[[ヴォルィーニ]][[Eastern Galicia]]
||1943
||1944
|1 year
||Genocide<ref>{{Cite web2|title=Uchwala Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 15 lipca 2009 r. w sprawie tragicznego losu Polakow na Kresach Wschodnich|url=http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WMP20090470684|publisher=Biuro Prasowe Kancelarii Sejmu|accessdate=August 17, 2011}}</ref><ref name="Zbrodnie">''W świetle przedstawionych wyżej ustaleń nie ulega wątpliwości, że zbrodnie, których dopuszczono się wobec ludności narodowości polskiej, noszą charakter niepodlegających przedawnieniu zbrodni ludobójstwa.'' – Piotr Zając, ''Prześladowania ludności narodowości polskiej na terenie Wołynia w latach 1939–1945 – ocena karnoprawna zdarzeń w oparciu o ustalenia śledztwa OKŚZpNP w Lublinie'', [in:] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120323073558/http://ipn.gov.pl/download.php?s=1&id=19295 ''Zbrodnie przeszłości. Opracowania i materiały prokuratorów IPN'', t. 2: ''Ludobójstwo'', red. Radosław Ignatiew, Antoni Kura, Warszawa 2008], pp. 34–49<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref> of Polish civilian population in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA).<ref name="Snyder B">Timothy Snyder [http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2010/feb/24/a-fascist-hero-in-democratic-kiev "A fascist hero in democratic Kiev"], ''New York Review of Books'', February 24, 2010.</ref><ref>Keith Darden, ''[https://keithdarden.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/darden-natural-experiment.pdf Resisting Occupation: Lessons from a Natural Experiment in Carpathian Ukraine]'', pg. 5, Yale University, October 2, 2008.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref><ref name="Himka2">J.P. Himka, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130423172827/http://www.foa.ualberta.ca/en/Research/~/media/arts/Research/celebration_jph_march28.pdf Interventions: Challenging the Myths of Twentieth-Century Ukrainian history]", University of Alberta, March 28, 2011, pg. 4<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref><ref name="Od rzezi, 447">Grzegorz Motyka, "Od rzezi wołyńskiej do akcji "Wisła",. ''Konflikt polsko-ukraiński 1943–1947'', Kraków (2011), pg. 447<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref><ref>Timothy Snyder, ''The Reconstruction of Nations. Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999'', [[Yale University Press]]. 2003. pp. 170, 176<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
|-
||[[1972 Genocide of Burundian Hutus]]
||{{nts|80000}}
||{{nts|210000}}
||{{nts|129615}}
||[[ブルンジ]]
||1972
||1972
|?
||Communal mass murder of [[Hutu]]s by their rival tribe the [[Tutsi]] in [[Burundi]].
– Part of the [[Rwandan genocide|Rwandan]] and [[Burundian genocides]]
|-
||[[Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire]]
||{{nts|52000}}
||{{nts|254500}}
||{{nts|115039}}
||[[ロシア帝国]]
||1903–1906
||1917–1922
|19 years
||The massacres of [[Jews]] in the [[Russian Empire]] reached their peak in the early 20th century, through the [[Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire#1903–06|killing of thousands from 1903 to 1906]]<ref>Weinberg, Robert. ''The Revolution of 1905 in Odessa: Blood on the Steps''. 1993, pg. 164.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref> and tens to hundreds of thousands from 1917 to 1922.<ref>{{Cite web2|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/pogroms.html#4|title=Pogroms|website=jewishvirtuallibrary.org|accessdate=March 8, 2018}}</ref>
|-
||[[Kurdish rebellions in Turkey|Kurdish Rebellions in Turkey]]
||{{nts|33835}}
||{{nts|357000}}
||{{nts|109905}}
||[[トルコ]]
||1921
||present
|97 years
||All casualties from the various [[Kurdish population|Kurdish]] uprisings against the [[Turkey|Turkish]] state.
* 7,594<ref>Lundgren, Asa (2007). ''The unwelcome neighbour: Turkey's Kurdish policy''. London: Tauris & Co., pg. 44.</ref> to 40,000:<ref>McDowall, David (2007). ''A Modern History of the Kurds''. London: Tauris & Co. pp. 207–08.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>[[Dersim rebellion]]
* 15,000<ref name="The Militant Kurds page 86">Vera Eccarius-Kelly, ''The Militant Kurds: A Dual Strategy for Freedom'', pg. 86, 2010.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref> to 250,000:<ref name="page 104">{{Cite web2|url=http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/val/sospo/vk/koivunen/theinvis.pdf|title=The Invisible War in North Kurdistan|last=Koivunen|first=Kristiina|website=ethesis.helsinki.fi|language=fi|page=104|access-date=July 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012052731/http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/val/sospo/vk/koivunen/theinvis.pdf|archive-date=October 12, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>[[Sheikh Said rebellion]]
* 6,741<ref name="nearly7000">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/nearly-7000-civilians-killed-by-pkk-in-31-years-2237092|title=Nearly 7,000 civilians killed by PKK in 31 years|first=Yeni|last=Şafak|publisher=yenisafak.com|accessdate=March 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011091853/http://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/nearly-7000-civilians-killed-by-pkk-in-31-years-2237092|archive-date=October 11, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> to 20,000:<ref>{{Cite book2|editor-last=Visweswaran|editor-first=Kamala|title=Everyday Occupations: Experiencing Militarism in South Asia and the Middle East|date=2013|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0812207835|page=14|edition= 1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pGcUBAAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book2|last1=Romano|first1=David|title=The Kurdish Nationalist Movement: Opportunity, Mobilization and Identity|date=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0521684269|page=81|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ohSNu6bidEQC}}</ref>[[Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)|Modern Turk-Kurd conflict]]
* 4,500 to 47,000:<ref name="Cumhurıyetı16">Yusuf Mazhar, ''Cumhuriyet'', 16 Temmuz 1930, ''... Zilan harekatında imha edilenlerin sayısı 15,000 kadardır. Zilan Deresi ağzına kadar ceset dolmuştur...''</ref><ref name="Kahraman211">Ahmet Kahraman, ''ibid'', pg. 211, ''[[Ağrı|Karaköse]], 14 (Özel muhabirimiz bildiriyor) ...''</ref><ref name="Ayse">[[Ayşe Hür]], [http://www.taraf.com.tr/haber/osmanlidan-bugune-kurtler-ve-devlet-4.htm "Osmanlı'dan bugüne Kürtler ve Devlet-4"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225123429/http://www.taraf.com.tr/haber/osmanlidan-bugune-kurtler-ve-devlet-4.htm|date=February 25, 2011}}, ''[[Taraf]]'', October 23, 2008. Retrieved August 16, 2010.</ref><ref>M. Kalman, ''Belge, tanık ve yaşayanlarıyla Ağrı Direnişi 1926–1930'', Pêrî Yayınları, İstanbul, 1997; {{ISBN2|975-8245-01-5}}, pg. 105.</ref><ref>"Der Krieg am Ararat" (Telegramm unseres Korrespondenten) ''[[Berliner Tageblatt]]'', October 3, 1930, "... die Türken in der Gegend von Zilan 220 Dörfer zerstört und 4500 Frauen und Greise massakriert."</ref>[[Ararat rebellion]]
|-
||[[Deportation of the Crimean Tatars]]
||{{nts|100000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||ソビエト連邦
||1944
||1945
|1 year
||Often considered an [[ethnic cleansing]], and [[ウクライナ|Ukraine]] considers the event [[genocide]].
|-
||Massacres of European colonists during the rebellions of [[Túpac Amaru II]] and [[Túpac Katari]]
||{{nts|100000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||ペルー
||1780
||1782
|2 years
||The indigenous rebellions of [[Túpac Amaru II]] and [[Túpac Katari]] against the Spanish between 1780 and 1782, cost over 100,000 colonists' lives in [[Peru]] and Upper Peru (present-day [[Bolivia]]).{{sfn|Robins|Jones|2009|p=1}}
|-
||[[Eighty Years' War (1566–1609)|Spanish repressions of Dutch Protestants]]
||{{nts|100000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||[[ネーデルラント]]
||1566
||1609
|43 years
||100,000 massacred under Charles V and Philip II during the [[Eighty Years' War]].<ref>{{Cite book2|title=Halley's Bible Handbook, 24th ed.|date=1965}}</ref>
|-
||[[Al-Anfal campaign|Al-Anfal genocide]]<ref name="hrw.org" />
||{{nts|50000}}<ref name="hrw.org">{{Cite web2|url=http://hrw.org/reports/1993/iraqanfal|title=Iraqi Anfal|publisher=Human Rights Watch|date=1993|accessdate=August 31, 2013}}</ref>
||{{nts|182000}}<ref name="Frontline" />
||{{nts|95394}}
||イラク<ref name="hrw.org" />
||1986
||1989
|3 years
||The [[Al-Anfal campaign|Kurdish genocide]] led by [[Ali Hassan al-Majid]] under the order of [[Saddam Hussein]].
|-
||Atrocities against [[Harkis]] after the [[Algerian War]]
||{{nts|50000}}<ref name="Horne 537">{{Cite book2|first=Alistair|last=Horne|pages=[https://archive.org/details/savagewarofpeace00horn/page/537 537]|title=A Savage War of Peace|isbn=0-670-61964-7|url=https://archive.org/details/savagewarofpeace00horn/page/537|year=1978}}</ref>
||{{nts|150000}}<ref name="Horne 537" />
||{{nts|86603}}
||アルジェリア
||1962
||?
|?
||The [[Harkis]] were seen as traitors by many Algerians, and many of those who stayed behind suffered severe reprisals after independence. French historians estimate that somewhere between 50,000 and 150,000 [[Harkis]] and members of their families were killed by the FLN or by lynch mobs in Algeria, often in atrocious circumstances or after torture.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
||[[T4作戦]]
||{{nts|70273}}
||{{nts|93521}}
||{{nts|81068}}
||ナチス・ドイツ
||1939
||1941
|2 years
||A euthanasia program in [[Nazi Germany]] used to purge those deemed genetically deficient.
|-
||Italian [[Pacification of Libya]]
||{{nts|80000}}
||{{nts|80000}}
||{{nts|80000}}
||リビア
||1923
||1932
|9 years
||<ref name="Mann309">{{Cite book2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cGHGPgj1_tIC&pg=PA309|title=The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing|last=Mann|first=Michael|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-53854-1|page=309}}</ref>
|-
||グアテマラ虐殺
||{{nts|35000}}
||{{nts|166000}}
||{{nts|76223}}
||[[グアテマラ]]
||1960
||1996
|36 years
||According to the [[Historical Clarification Commission]], 140,000 to 200,000 were killed or disappeared, and at least 42,275 were killed by human rights violations during the [[Guatemalan Civil War]], of which 93% were from officially sanctioned government terror and 83% of the victims were [[Maya peoples|Maya]].
– Part of the [[Native American Genocide|Genocide of indigenous peoples in the Americas]]
|-
||Racial violence during the [[Rwandan Revolution]]
| colspan="3"|{{ntsh|60000}}50,000 Hutus and tens of thousands of [[Tutsis]]
||ブルンジ、ルワンダ
||1959
||1962
|3 years
||<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web2|title=Genocides, Politicides, and Other Mass Murder Since 1945, With Stages in 2008|url=http://www.genocidewatch.org/images/GenocidesandPoliticidessince1945withstagesin2008.pdf|website=Genocide Watch|publisher=Genocide Watch|date=2008|accessdate=August 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202041700/http://www.genocidewatch.org/images/GenocidesandPoliticidessince1945withstagesin2008.pdf|archive-date=February 2, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
||[[Indian integration of Hyderabad|Indian annexation of Hyderabad]]
||{{nts|27000}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|73485}}
||[[ニザーム王国]], インド
||1948
||1948
|5 days
||<ref>{{Cite web2|last1=Noorani|first1=A.G.|title=Of a massacre untold|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1805/18051130.htm|website=Frontline|accessdate=August 2, 2018}}<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref><ref>{{Cite news2|last1=Thompson|first1=Mike|title=Hyderabad 1948: India's hidden massacre|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-24159594|work=BBC News|date=September 24, 2013}}</ref>
|-
||[[Decossackization]]
||{{nts|5000}}<ref>Futoryansky L.I. (2003). Cossacks in the flames of the civil war in Russia (1918−1920). Orenburg: GOU OGU. p. 474.</ref>
||{{nts|1000000}}<ref>Reshetnikov L.P. (2014). Return to Russia. The third way, or dead ends of hopelessness. M .: FIV. p. 119.</ref>
||{{nts|70711}}
||Former [[Russian Empire]]
||1917
||1933
|16 years
||Violent class purge, [[ethnic cleansing]], and [[mass murder]] of [[Cossacks]], especially [[Kuban Cossacks|Kuban]] and [[Don Cossacks]], by the [[Bolshevik]]s.
|-
||[[Effacer le tableau]]
||{{nts|60000}}
||{{nts|70000}}
||{{nts|64807}}
||[[コンゴ民主共和国]]
||1998
||2003
|5 years
||[[Pygmy peoples]] were murdered en masse as they were regarded as subhumans.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
||[[ヘレロ・ナマクア虐殺]]
||{{nts|34000}}
||{{nts|110000}}
||{{nts|61156}}
||[[ドイツ領南西アフリカ]]
||1904
||1907
|3 years
||Genocides of the [[Herero people|Herero]] and [[Nama people|Nama]] peoples by the [[German Empire]] during the [[Herero Wars]].
|-
||[[Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War|Ethnic cleansing]] and [[Bosnian genocide|genocide]] committed by all sides during the [[Yugoslav Wars]]
||{{nts|52856}}
||{{nts|64917}}
||{{nts|58577}}
||[[ユーゴスラビア]]
||1991
||2001
|10 years
||All civilians killed in the Yugoslav Wars including events such as the [[Srebrenica Massacre]], [[Žepa#Bosnian War|Žepa Massacre]], [[Lašva Valley ethnic cleansing]], and other atrocities.
69.8% to 82% of civilian victims of the [[Bosnian War]] were [[Bosniak]]. During the War in Croatia, 43.4% of the killed on the Croatian side were civilians.{{sfn|Fink|2010|p=469}}
* 34,764<ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://www.icty.org/x/file/About/OTP/War_Demographics/en/bih_casualty_undercount_conf_paper_100201.pdf|publisher=ICTY|title=THE 1992–95 WAR IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: CENSUS-BASED MULTIPLE SYSTEM ESTIMATION OF CASUALTIES' UNDERCOUNT|accessdate=January 27, 2013}}</ref> to 40,330:<ref>{{Cite book2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Bl9KT9NME0C&pg=PA96|title=Courting Democracy in Bosnia and Herzegovina|author=Lara J. Nettelfield|year=2010|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-76380-6|pages=96–98}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news2|title=After years of toil, book names Bosnian war dead|date=February 15, 2013 |work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/15/us-bosnia-dead-idUSBRE91E0J220130215}}</ref>[[Bosnian War]]
* 10,844<ref name="Kosovo">*[http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/kosovo-war-victims-list-published Kosovo Memory Book Database Presentation and Evaluation" (PDF), balkaninsight.com. Retrieved February 6, 2016.]
* [http://www.hlc-rdc.org/?p=28616&lang=de "Serbia marks anniversary of NATO bombing"], hlc-rdc.org. Retrieved May 6, 2012.</ref> to 14,661:<ref name="Kosovo" />[[Kosovo War]]
* 7,158<ref name="croat">* Srpske žrtve rata i poraća na području Hrvatske i bivše RSK 1990. – 1998. godine", ''Veritas''. Retrieved June 16, 2015.{{in lang|hr}}<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed -->
* Martić Witness Details Croatian War Casualties", ''Global Voices BALKANS''. Retrieved April 13, 2006.{{in lang|en}}
* [[Marko Attila Hoare]], "Genocide in Bosnia and the failure of international justice" (PDF), Kingston University (UK), April 2008. Retrieved March 23, 2011.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref> to 9,836:<ref name="croat" />[[Croatian War of Independence]]
* 90:<ref>*"Dëshmorët e Ushtrisë Çlirimtare Kombëtare", shkruar nga Xhemal Selimi. Tanusha 2001. February 15, 2011.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed -->
* Bender, Kristof (2013). "How the U.S. and EU Stopped a War and Nobody Noticed: The Containment of the Macedonian Conflict and EU Soft Power". In Berdal, Mats; Zaum, Dominik. Political Economy of Statebuilding: Power After Peace. London: Routledge. pg. 341; {{ISBN2|978-0-203-10130-8}}</ref>[[2001 insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia]]
|-
||アメリカ合衆国の[[インディアン戦争]]
||{{nts|49000}}
||{{nts|64000}}
||{{nts|56000}}
||アメリカ合衆国
||1511
||1890
|389 years
||From the U.S. Bureau of the Census (1894): "The Indian wars under the government of the United States have been more than 40 in number. They have cost the lives of about 19,000 white people, including those killed in individual combats, and the lives of about 30,000 Indians. The actual number of killed and wounded Indians must be very much higher than the given&nbsp;... Fifty percent additional would be a safe estimate&nbsp;..."{{citation needed|date=August 2018}} Part of the [[Native American Genocide|Genocide of indigenous peoples in the Americas]].{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}
|-
| Massacres of Polish civilians during the [[Warsaw Uprising]]
||{{nts|50000}}
||{{nts|60000}}<ref>Lukas, Richard C. (2012). ''The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles under German Occupation, 1939–1944''. Hippocrene Books. p. 197. {{ISBN2|978-0-7818-1302-0}}.</ref><ref>Walter Laqueur & Judith Tydor Baumel (2001). "Dirlewanger, Oskar". ''The Holocaust Encyclopedia'', Yale University Press (pg. 150), {{ISBN2|0300084323}}. Retrieved June 24, 2012.</ref>
||{{nts|54772}}
||ポーランド
||{{ntsh|1944.60}}August 5, 1944 ||{{ntsh|1944.62}}August 12, 1944
|1 week|| Polish fatalities in districts of Wola and Ochota committed during [[Warsaw Uprising]]
|-
||[[1993 Genocide of Burundian Tutsis]]
||{{nts|50000}}
||{{nts|50000}}
||{{nts|50000}}
||ブルンジ
||1993
||1993
|?
||Communal mass murder of [[Tutsi]]s by their rival tribe the [[Hutu]] in [[Burundi]].
– Part of the [[Rwandan genocide|Rwandan]] and [[Burundian genocides]]
|-
||[[近世の魔女裁判]]
||{{nts|20000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||{{nts|44721}}
||ヨーロッパ
||1400
||1800
|300 years
||<ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Witch|title=Twentieth Century Atlas – Historical Body Count|website=necrometrics.com|accessdate=August 2, 2018}}</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}
|-
|British concentration camps during the [[Concentration camp (South Africa)|Second Boer War]]
|{{nts|26000}}
|{{nts|40000}}
|{{nts|32249}}
|[[トランスヴァール共和国]]
|1900
|1902
|2 years
|[[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]] led the British army against the [[Boer Republics]] in the [[Second Boer War]] in Southern Africa. In an attempt to pacify Boer guerrillas, he targeted their families, and 116,000 Boer women and children were captured and jailed by the British, Within 2 years, 22,074 children died and 4,177 women died due to deliberate neglect by the British. 115,000 black people were separately jailed, of whom 15,000 died in prison camps.<ref name="46 black people died in the black concentration camps">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/523-people-die-black-concentration-camps-second-anglo-boer-war|title=15,000 black people died in concentration camps|accessdate=August 2, 2018|date=March 16, 2011}}</ref>
|-
|[[Great Fire of Smyrna]]
||{{nts|10000}}<ref>{{Cite book2|last=Biondich|first=Mark|title=The Balkans: Revolution, War, and Political Violence since 1878|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vC-Fk7Mxu2MC&pg=PA92|year=2011|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-929905-8|page=92}}</ref><ref>Naimark, Norman M. ''Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe''. Cambridge: MA: Harvard University Press, 2002, pg. 52.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
||{{nts|100000}}<ref>{{Cite book2|author1=Irving Louis Horowitz|author2=Rudolph J. Rummel|title=Death by Government|publisher=Transaction Publishers|year=1994|isbn=978-1-56000-927-6|chapter=Turkey's Genocidal Purges}}, pg. 233.</ref><ref>Naimark. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=L-QLXnX16kAC&pg=PA46&dq=atrocities+against+turks+occupation&ct=result&resnum=9#v=onepage&q=atrocities%20against%20turks%20occupation Fires of Hatred]'', pp. 47–52.</ref>
||{{nts|31623}}
||[[イズミル]], オスマン帝国
||{{ntsh|1922.70}}September 9, 1922
||{{ntsh|1922.73}}September 24, 1922
|15 days
|| Fires set during attacks on Greeks and Armenians by Turkish mobs and military forces in Smyrna at the end of the [[Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)]].
The violence and fires resulted in the destruction of the Greek and Armenian portions of the city and the massacre of their populations.

After the attacks, 30,000 Greek and Armenian men left behind were deported by Turkish forces, many of whom were subsequently killed.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
||Massacres of [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]] people during the [[Urkun|Central Asian revolt of 1916]]
||{{nts|3000}}
||{{nts|270000}}
||{{nts|28460}}
||[[キルギス]]
||1916
||1916
|7 months
||In 1916, there was an uprising and crackdown of [[Kyrgyzstan]]is against and by Tsarist Russia in what is now known as the [[Urkun]].
A public commission in [[Kyrgyzstan]] called the crackdown of 1916 that killed 100,000 to 270,000 Kyrgyzstanis a [[genocide]]<nowiki />though [[Russia]] rejected this characterization.<ref>{{Cite news2|title=Commission Calls 1916 Tsarist Mass Killings Of Kyrgyz Genocide Print Share|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/kyrgyzstan-1916-russia-mass-killings-genocide/27926414.html|agency=Radio Free Europe}}</ref>

[[Russia]]n sources put the death toll at 3,000.<ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://www.krugosvet.ru/articles/124/1012486/print.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111155448/http://www.krugosvet.ru/articles/124/1012486/print.htm|url-status=dead|title=Krugosvet Encyclopaedia. Article on Sturmer|archivedate=November 11, 2007}}</ref>
|-
||[[Captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam]]
||{{nts|10000}}
||{{nts|65000}}
||{{nts|25495}}
||[[Kanara|Canara]]
||1784
||1799
|15 years
||A 15-year imprisonment of [[Mangalorean Catholics]] and other Christians at [[Seringapatam]] in the Indian region of [[Kanara|Canara]] by [[Tipu Sultan]], the ''de facto'' ruler of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]].{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
||1988 [[Burundi]]an massacre of [[Hutu]]s
||{{nts|25000}}
||{{nts|25000}}
||{{nts|25000}}
||ブルンジ
||1988
||1988
|?
||<ref name="auto1" />– Part of the [[Rwandan genocide|Rwandan]] and [[Burundian genocides]]
|-
||[[Parsley massacre]]
||{{nts|17000}}<ref name="Newman" /><ref name="Tunzelmann" />
||{{nts|35000}}<ref name="Newman">{{Cite book2|author=Graeme R. Newman|title=Crime and Punishment around the World [4 volumes]: [Four Volumes]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2uK6bR9byVIC&pg=RA1-PA133|year=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-35134-1|page=1}}</ref><ref name="Tunzelmann">{{Cite book2|author=Alex von Tunzelmann|title=Red Heat: Conspiracy, Murder and the Cold War in the Caribbean|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CMya7T_-dRYC&pg=PA1933|year=2012|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-4711-1477-9|page=1933}}</ref>
||{{nts|24393}}
||[[ドミニカ共和国]]
||October 2, 1937
||October 8, 1937
|6 days
||[[Genocidal massacre]] of people who say {{lang|es|perejil}} (Spanish: "parsley") in a French accent in order to determine if they are [[Afro-Haitian]] or [[Afro-Dominicans (Dominican Republic)|Afro-Dominican]].
|-
||[[Australian frontier wars]]
||{{nts|22000}}
||{{nts|22500}}
||{{nts|22249}}
||[[オーストラリア]]
||1788
||1934
|146 years
||Wars between [[Indigenous Australians]] and settlers in which about 20,000 aboriginal were massacred, along with two to 2,500 settlers dying in combat.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}See also: [[List of massacres of Indigenous Australians]]
|-
||[[Ethnic cleansing of Georgians|Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia]]
||{{nts|17000}}
||{{nts|28000}}
||{{nts|21817}}
||[[アブハジア]]、[[ジョージア (国)|ジョージア]]
||1992
||1993
|1 year
||The ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia,<ref>Budapest Declaration and Geneva Declaration on Ethnic Cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia between 1992 and 1993 adopted by the OSCE and recognized as ethnic cleansing in 1994 and 1999.</ref><ref name="Russia p 27">The Guns of August 2008, Russia's War in Georgia, Svante Cornell & Frederick Starr, pg. 27.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref><ref>Anatol Lieven, "Victorious Abkhazian Army Settles Old Scores in An Orgy of Looting", ''The Times'', October 4, 1993.</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">"In Georgia, Tales of Atrocities Lee Hockstander", ''International Herald Tribune'', October 22, 1993.</ref><ref>The Human Rights Field Operation: Law, Theory and Practice, Abkhazia Case, [[Michael C. O'Flaherty|Michael O'Flaherty]]<!-- publisher, year, ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref><ref>''The Politics of Religion in Russia and the New States of Eurasia'', Michael Bourdeaux, pg. 237.<!-- ISSN/ISBN, publisher, year needed --></ref><ref>Managing Conflict in the Former Soviet Union: Russian and American Perspectives, Alekseĭ Georgievich Arbatov, pg. 388</ref><ref name="Empire p. 72">Georgiy I. Mirsky, ''On Ruins of Empire: Ethnicity and Nationalism in the Former Soviet Union'', pg. 72<!-- ISSN/ISBN, publisher, year needed --></ref><ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Europe/Georgia-HISTORY.html|title=Georgia: History|publisher=Nationsencyclopedia.com |accessdate=April 16, 2013}}</ref><ref>Roger Kaplan, ''Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties'', pg. 564<!-- ISSN/ISBN, publisher, year needed --></ref><ref>''Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus'', pg. 174.<!-- ISSN/ISBN, publisher, year needed --></ref><ref>Michael Bourdeaux, ''The Politics of Religion in Russia and the New States of Eurasia'', pg. 238.<!-- ISSN/ISBN, publisher, year needed --></ref> also known as the "massacres of Georgians in Abkhazia",<ref name="ReferenceA">Svetlana Mikhailovna Chervonnaia, ''Conflict in the Caucasus: Georgia, Abkhazia, and the Russian Shadow'', Gothic Image Publications, 1994.<!-- ISSN/ISBN, page(s) needed --></ref><ref>Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Soviet Union, Svante E. Cornell</ref> and "genocide of Georgians in Abkhazia"<ref>Tamaz Nadareishvili, ''Conspiracy Against Georgia, Tbilisi'', 2002.<!-- ISSN/ISBN, publisher needed --></ref> Refers to [[ethnic cleansing]],<ref>''Human Rights Watch Helsinki'', Vol 7, No 7, March 1995, pg. 230.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref> massacres<ref>Gary K. Bertsch, ''Crossroads and Conflict: Security and Foreign Policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia'', pg. 161.<!-- ISSN/ISBN, publisher needed --></ref> and forced mass expulsion of thousands of ethnic [[Georgian people|Georgians]]
|-
||[[Dersim Massacre]]
||{{nts|7594}}
||{{nts|40000}}
||{{nts|17429}}
||[[デルスィム]], トルコ
||1937
||1937
|8 months
||The [[Dersim massacre]] was a massacre of [[Kurdish people]] ([[Alevism|Alevi]] [[Kurmanj]] and [[Zaza people|Zaza]]) by the [[Turkey|Turkish government]] in the [[Dersim]] region of eastern Turkey, which includes parts of [[Tunceli Province]], [[Elazığ Province]], and [[Bingöl Province]].<ref name="Dersim 38 Conference">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.pen-kurd.org/almani/haydar/Dersim-PresseerklC3A4rungEnglish.pdf|title=Dersim '38 Conference}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news2|title=The Suppression of the Dersim Rebellion in Turkey (1937–38)|url=http://www.hum.uu.nl/medewerkers/m.vanbruinessen/publications/Dersim_rebellion.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009015747/http://www.hum.uu.nl/medewerkers/m.vanbruinessen/publications/Dersim_rebellion.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 9, 2011|accessdate=January 20, 2016|publisher=University of Pennsylvania}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book2|author=Jacqueline Sammali|title=Etre Kurde, un délit?: portrait d'un peuple nié|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PUSgS0Y-pRsC&pg=PA119|year=1995|publisher=Harmattan|isbn=978-2-7384-3772-3|page=119}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book2|author=Sabri Cigerli|title=Les Kurdes et leur histoire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MxKFhFCzeLcC&pg=PA125|year=1999|publisher=Harmattan|isbn=978-2-7384-7662-3|page=125}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://www.weeklyzaman.com/en/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=4970|title=Can Kurds rely on the Turkish state?|publisher=Weeklyzaman.com|date=October 14, 2011 |accessdate=December 24, 2013 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129011435/http://www.weeklyzaman.com/en/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?newsId=4970|archivedate=November 29, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/middle-eastnorth-africapersian-gulf-region/turkeykurds-1922-present|title=16. Turkey/Kurds (1922–present)|publisher=Uca.edu|accessdate=December 24, 2013}}</ref><ref name="GD">Birinci Genel Müfettişlik Bölgesi, ''Güney Doğu'', İstanbul, pp. 66, 194. {{in lang|tr}}. Retrieved August 2, 2018.</ref> The massacre occurred after a rebellion led by [[Seyid Riza]] against the [[Turkification]] policies of the Turkish government.<ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://www.massviolence.org/IMG/article_PDF/Dersim-Massacre-1937-1938.pdf|title=Accueil – Sciences Po Violence de masse et Résistance – Réseau de recherche|website=massviolence.org|accessdate=August 2, 2018}}</ref> As a result of the Turkish military campaign against the rebellion, thousands of [[Alevi]] [[Zazas]]<ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/|title=Accueil {{!}} Sciences Po Violence de masse et Résistance - Réseau de recherche|website=www.sciencespo.fr|accessdate=July 29, 2019}}</ref> died and many others were internally displaced due to the conflict.
– Part of the [[Kurdish rebellions in Turkey|Kurdish Rebellions in Turkey]]
|-
||[[1966 anti-Igbo pogrom]]
||{{nts|10000}}
||{{nts|30000}}
||{{nts|17321}}
||ナイジェリア
||May 29, 1966
||October 1966
|4 months, 2 days
||<ref name="McKenna-1969">{{Cite journal2|last1=McKenna|first1=Joseph C.|title=Elements of a Nigerian Peace|journal=Foreign Affairs|date=1969|volume=47|issue=4|pages=668–680|doi=10.2307/20039407|jstor=20039407}}</ref>
|-
||[[List of Indian massacres|Indian massacres]] in the [[アメリカ合衆国|United States]] frontiers
||{{nts|16349}}
||{{nts|16349}}
||{{nts|16349}}
||アメリカ合衆国
||1511
||1890
|379 years
||It is difficult to determine the total number of people who died as a result of Indian massacres. However, one book, ''The Wild Frontier: Atrocities during the American-Indian War from Jamestown Colony to Wounded Knee'', presents an estimate by counting every recorded atrocity in the area that would eventually become the continental United States, from first contact (1511) to the closing of the frontier (1890). The parameters were limited to the intentional and indiscriminate [[murder]], [[torture]], or mutilation of civilians, the wounded, and prisoners. The results revealed that 7,193 people died from atrocities perpetrated by those of European descent, and 9,156 people died from atrocities perpetrated by Native Americans.<ref name="Osborn, William M. 2001">Osborn, William M. (2001). ''The Wild Frontier: Atrocities During The American-Indian War from Jamestown Colony to Wounded Knee'', Garden City, New York: Random House; {{ISBN2|978-0-375-50374-0}}</ref>– Part of the [[Native American Genocide|Genocide of indigenous peoples in the Americas]]
|-
||[[Persecution of Biharis in Bangladesh]]
||{{nts|1000}}
||{{nts|150000}}<ref name="Fink2010">{{Cite book2|author=George Fink|title=Stress of War, Conflict and Disaster|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rOq4XV94wLsC&pg=PA292 |date=2010 |publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-381382-4|page=292}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book2|title=Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace and Conflict: Po – Z, index. 3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TG2kN033mDkC&pg=PA64|date=1999|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-227010-9|page=64}}</ref>
||{{nts|12247}}
||[[バングラデシュ]]
||1971
||1971
|?
||Most extreme episode of the massacres of [[Biharis]] by [[Bengalis|Bengali]] mobs
|-
||[[Gukurahundi]]
||{{nts|3750}}<ref>"CCJP"</ref>
||{{nts|30000}}<ref name="hill77">{{Cite book2
|title=The Battle for Zimbabwe: The Final Countdown
|last=Hill
|first=Geoff
|location=Johannesburg
|publisher=Struik Publishers
|year=2005|origyear=2003
|isbn=978-1-86872-652-3
|page=77}}</ref>
||{{nts|10607}}
||[[ジンバブエ]]
||1983
||1987
|5 years
||[[Ethnic cleansing]] and executions of members of the [[Southern Ndebele people|Ndebele]] by the [[Robert Mugabe]]'s [[Zimbabwean Fifth Brigade|Fifth Brigade]].
|-
||クメール・ルージュによるベトナム人虐殺
||{{nts|10000}}<ref name="ReferenceC" />
||{{nts|10000}}
||{{nts|10000}}
||カンボジア
||1975
||1979
|4 years
||100% of the [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]] in [[Cambodia]] were slaughtered during the [[genocide]], according to [[Samuel Totten]].
– Part of the [[Cambodian genocide]]
|-
||クメール・ルージュによるタイ人虐殺
||{{nts|8000}}<ref name="ReferenceC" />
||{{nts|8000}}
||{{nts|8000}}
||カンボジア
||1975
||1979
|4 years
||40% of Thai in [[Cambodia]] were killed during the [[Cambodian genocide]] according to [[Samuel Totten]].
– Part of the [[Cambodian genocide]]
|-
||[[1946 Bihar riots]]
||{{nts|2000}}
||{{nts|30000}}
||{{nts|7746}}
||[[ビハール州]], インド
||October 30, 1946
||November 7, 1946
|8 days
||Killings of Bihari Muslims by Bengali Hindus in retaliation to the [[Direct Action Day]] riots.<ref>Ian Stephens, ''Pakistan'' (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1963), pg. 111.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>{{sfn|''The New York Times'' (a)|1946}}
|-
||[[Noakhali riots]]
||{{nts|5000}}
||{{nts|10000}}
||{{nts|7071}}
||[[ベンガル地方]], インド
||October 1946
||November 1946
|1 month
||Killings of Bengali Hindus by Bengali Muslims in retaliation to the [[Direct Action Day]] riots.
|-
||[[Sétif and Guelma massacre]]
||{{nts|1020}}
||{{nts|45000}}
||{{nts|6775}}
||アルジェリア
||1945
||1945
|?
||<ref name="Horne 537" />
|-
||Deaths of indigenous children in the [[Canadian Indian residential school system|Canadian residential schools]] system
||{{nts|3201}}<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web2|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/specialseries/2017/01/canada-dark-secret-170130091149080.html|title=Canada's Dark Secret|website=www.aljazeera.com|accessdate=May 20, 2018|quote=6,000 children died in these schools. Some evidence puts the casualties at three times that number.}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GbZDUvvy258|title=Death toll in Residential Schools|author=CBC News: The National|date=December 14, 2015|medium=YouTube}}</ref>
||{{nts|32010}}
||{{nts|17606}}
||[[カナダ]]
||1876
||1996
|120 years
||<ref name="cbc.ca" /><ref name="Tasker" /><ref name="Smith" /><ref name="auto4">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/residential-schools/|title=Residential Schools|last=Miller|first=J.R.}}</ref><ref name="auto7">{{Cite web2|url=http://humansarefree.com/2014/04/the-canadian-genocide-tens-of-thousands.html|title=The Canadian Genocide: Tens of Thousands of CHILDREN Killed by the CHURCH|website=humansarefree.com}}<wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=May 2019}}</ref><ref name="trccanada" /><ref name="Luxen">{{Cite news2|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-33001425|title=Survivors of Canada's 'cultural genocide' still healing|last1=Luxen|first1=Micah|date=June 24, 2016|accessdate=June 28, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725181119/http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-33001425|archivedate=July 25, 2016|url-status=live|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref name="Palmater">{{Cite web2|url=https://nowtoronto.com/news/canada-s-150th-a-celebration-of-indigenous-genocide/|title=Canada 150 is a celebration of Indigenous genocide|author=Pamela Palmater|date=March 29, 2017|work=Now|quote=Celebrating genocide is not what most would consider a modern Canadian value. While use of the term "genocide" to describe Canada's treatment of Indigenous peoples has created a great deal of debate, there has always been a recognition that, at minimum, Canada was guilty of "cultural genocide," even if individuals couldn't bring themselves to accept more sinister intentions. Former prime minister Paul Martin told the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) that it was time to call the residential schools policy what it was: "cultural genocide." Supreme Court of Canada Chief Justice Beverley McLachlin weighed in on Canada's dismal human rights record, saying that residential schools were attempts to commit "cultural genocide" against Indigenous peoples.}}</ref>– Part of the [[Native American Genocide|Genocide of indigenous peoples in the Americas]]
|-
||Genocide of native [[Aboriginal Tasmanians|Tasmanians]]
||{{nts|3000}}
||{{nts|15000}}
||{{nts|6708}}
||オーストラリア
||1803
||1905
|102 years
||After the death of [[Fanny Cochrane Smith]] there were no non-mixed raced [[Tasmanians]] left in the world.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
||Massacres of [[Arabs]] and [[Indian people|Indians]] during the [[Zanzibar Revolution]]
||{{nts|2000}}
||{{nts|20000}}
||{{nts|6325}}
||[[ザンジバル]]
||1964
||1964
|?
||Thousands of [[Arabs]] and Indians were massacred during the [[Zanzibar Revolution]]
|-
||[[1964 East Pakistan riots]]
||{{nts|5590}}
||{{nts|5690}}
||{{nts|5640}}
||東パキスタン
||January 2, 1964
||March 28, 1964
|2 months, 26 days
||All casualties from the various riots in [[East Pakistan]] during the year 1964.
* Khulna: 200–300
* Dhaka: 1,000
* Narayangang: 3,500
* Bhulta: 267
* Golkandi: 623
|-
||[[Simele massacre]]
||{{nts|5000}}<ref name="Zubaida370">{{Harvnb|Zubaida|2000|p=370}}</ref>
||{{nts|6000}}<ref name="IFHR">{{Cite web2|title=Displaced persons in Iraqi Kurdistan and Iraqi refugees in Iran|url=http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/iq350a.pdf|work=fidh.org|publisher=International Federation for Human Rights|date=January 2003 |accessdate=September 23, 2011}}</ref><ref name="DeKelaita">{{Cite web2|last=DeKelaita|first=Robert|title=The Origins and Developments of Assyrian Nationalism|url=http://www.aina.org/books/oadoan.pdf|work=Committee on International Relations Of the [[University of Chicago]]|publisher=Assyrian International News Agency|date=November 22, 2009|accessdate=September 23, 2011}}</ref>
||{{nts|5477}}
||イラク
||August 7, 1933
||August 11, 1933
|4 days
||The Simele massacre inspired [[Raphael Lemkin]] to create the concept of [[genocide]].<ref name="Donabed2015">{{Cite book2|author=Sargon Donabed|title=Reforging a Forgotten History: Iraq and the Assyrians in the 20th Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bwLdCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT110|date=2015|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-8605-6|page=110}}</ref>
|-
||[[1950 Barisal Riots|1950 East Pakistan riots]]
||{{nts|4803}}
||{{nts|4833}}
||{{nts|4818}}
||[[バングラデシュ|東ベンガル]]
||February 1950
||March 1950
|1 month
||All casualties from the various riots in [[East Pakistan]] during the year 1950.
* 70–100: Nachole
* 215: Dhaka
* 2,500: [[1950 Barisal Riots#Killings|Barisal]]
* 17: Rajshahi
* 2,000: Mymensingh
* 1: Jessore
|-
||[[1984 Sikh Massacre]]
||{{nts|2800}}
||{{nts|8000}}
||{{nts|4733}}
||インド
||October 31, 1984
||November 3, 1984
|1 month
||A series of [[pogroms]] against [[Sikhs]] primarily done by members of the [[Indian National Congress]] party due to the [[Assassination of Indira Gandhi|assassination of the prime minister]].
|-
||[[Nellie massacre]]
||{{nts|2191}}
||{{nts|10000}}
||{{nts|4681}}
||[[アッサム州]], インド
||Six hours on February 18, 1983
||Six hours on February 18, 1983
|6 hours
||Killings of 2191 Bengali Musims after Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]]'s decision to give 4 million Bengali Musilms in Assam the right to vote<ref>"[http://www.slideshare.net/umain30/genesis-of-nellie-massacre-and-assam-agitation Genesis of Nellie massacre and Assam agitation]", Indilens news team. Retrieved November 10, 2015.</ref>
|-
||Laotian genocide by [[Khmer Rouge]]
||{{nts|4000}}
||{{nts|4000}}
||{{nts|4000}}
||カンボジア
||1975
||1979
|4 years
||40% of Laotians in [[Cambodia]] were killed during the [[Cambodian genocide]] according to [[Samuel Totten]].<ref name="ReferenceC" />– Part of the [[Cambodian genocide]]
|-
||[[Direct Action Day]]
||{{nts|4000}}
||{{nts|4000}}
||{{nts|4000}}
||インド
||August 16, 1946
||August 18, 1946
|2 days
||Also known as the [[Great Calcutta Killings]], a day of widespread riot and manslaughter between Hindus and Muslims in the city of [[Calcutta]] (now known as Kolkata) in the [[Bengal]] province of [[British India]].
|-
||[[1804 Haiti massacre]]
||{{nts|3000}}
||{{nts|5000}}
||{{nts|3873}}
||ハイチ
||Early February 1804
||April 22, 1804
|?
||[[Genocide]] of French people in Haiti.{{sfn|Girard|2011|pp=319–322}}
|-
||[[涙の道]]
||{{nts|2000}}
||{{nts|6000}}
||{{nts|3464}}
||アメリカ合衆国
||1830
||1850
|20 years
||The forced relocation of various Native American tribes under the order of [[Andrew Jackson]].
– Part of the [[Native American Genocide|Genocide of indigenous peoples in the Americas]]
|-
||[[Genocide of Yazidis by ISIL]]
||{{nts|2000}}<ref>{{Cite news2|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/07/world/meast/stopping-isis|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140807191105/http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/07/world/meast/stopping-isis|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 7, 2014|title=Will anyone stop ISIS?|date=August 7, 2014|publisher=CNN.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/06/world/meast/iraq-crisis-minority-persecution/index.html|title=Iraq: 'Hundreds of Yazidi minority slaughtered' |first=Laura |last=Smith-Spark|publisher=CNN|access-date=2014-08-10|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810042918/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/06/world/meast/iraq-crisis-minority-persecution/index.html|archive-date=2014-08-10}}</ref>
||{{nts|5000}}
||{{nts|3162}}
||[[シンジャール]], イラク、シリア
||2014
||present
|4 years
||[[Ethnic cleansing]], execution, forced conversion, rape, and enslavement of [[Yazidi]]s by [[ISIL]]
|-
||[[Selknam genocide|Selk'nam genocide]]
||{{nts|2500}}{{sfn|Chapman|2010|p=544}}
||{{nts|3900}}<ref name="Gardini 1984 645–47">{{Cite journal2|last=Gardini|first=Walter|date=1984|title=Restoring the Honour of an Indian Tribe-Rescate de una tribu|journal=Anthropos|volume=Bd. 79, H. 4./6.|pages=645–47}}<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
||{{nts|3122}}
||[[ティエラ・デル・フエゴ]], チリ
||Late 1800s
||Early 1900s
|?
||[[Genocide]] of [[Selknam]] Native Chilean tribe.
– Part of the [[Native American Genocide|Genocide of indigenous peoples in the Americas]]
|-
||Massacre of protesters at the [[Demolition of the Babri Masjid]]
||{{nts|2000}}
||{{nts|2000}}
||{{nts|2000}}
||[[アヨーディヤー]], インド
||1992
||1993
|1 year
||The destruction of a prominent mosque in India by Hindu extremists and killings of Muslim protesters.<ref>{{Cite web2|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-11436552|title=Timeline: Ayodhya holy site crisis|date=December 6, 2012|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref>
|-
||[[2002 Gujarat riots]]
||{{nts|1044}}
||{{nts|2977}}<ref>{{Cite journal2|last=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|title=Communal Riots in Gujarat: The State at Risk?|journal=Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics|date=July 2003|page=16|url=http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/4127/1/hpsacp17.pdf |accessdate=November 5, 2013}}</ref>
||{{nts|1763}}
||[[グジャラート州]], インド
||February 2002
||March 2002
|1 month
||Minimum death toll includes 790 [[Muslim]] death toll. Both death tolls include 254 [[Hindu]] deaths. Maximum death toll includes 223 presumed mixing as dead, and a higher 2,500 Muslim death toll.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
||[[Genocide of Shias by ISIL]]
||{{nts|Tens of thousands}}<ref>"Which groups are under threat by ISIS in Iraq?", cnn.com. Retrieved December 22, 2015.</ref>
||{{nts|Tens of thousands}}
||{{nts|Tens of thousands}}
||イラク、シリア、アフガニスタン
||2003
||present
|16 years
||[[Ethnic cleansing]], execution, forced conversion, rape, and enslavement of [[Shias]] by [[ISIL]]. One of the first instances was the [[Imam Ali Mosque bombing]] in [[Najaf]]
|-
||[[Conquest of the Desert]]
||{{nts|1300}}
||{{nts|1300}}
||{{nts|1300}}
||アルゼンチン
||Mid 1870s
||1884
|?
||Military campaign, directed mainly by General [[Julio Argentino Roca]], which established Argentine dominance over [[Patagonia]], then inhabited by [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas#Argentina|indigenous peoples]].<ref name="auto">Carlos A. Floria and César A. García Belsunce, 1971. ''Historia de los Argentinos'' I and II; {{ISBN2|84-599-5081-6}}. {{Page needed|date=December 2008}}</ref>– Part of the [[Native American Genocide|Genocide of indigenous peoples in the Americas]]
|-
||[[Genocide of Christians by ISIL]]
||{{nts|Thousands}}<ref>"As Christians Flee, Governments Pressured To Declare ISIS Guilty Of Genocide". NPR. December 24, 2015. "At least a thousand Christians have been killed. Hundreds of thousands have fled."</ref>
||{{nts|Thousands}}
||{{nts|Thousands}}
||世界全体
||2014
||present
|4 years
||[[Ethnic cleansing]], execution, forced conversion, rape, and enslavement of [[Christians]] by [[ISIL]]. In Iraq, the genocide started before 2014, as exemplified by the [[2010 Baghdad church massacre]]
|-
|[[ベルリンの壁]]
|327<ref name=":85">{{Cite web |title=New study gives first verifiable death toll at Cold War East German borders - The Local |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608154126/https://www.thelocal.de/20170608/study-gives-first-verifiable-tally-for-deaths-at-cold-war-east-german-borders-327 |website=web.archive.org |date=2017-06-08 |access-date=2024-08-19}}</ref>
|1,500<ref name=":85" /><ref>{{Cite web |title='More than 1,000 died' trying to flee East Germany - Telegraph |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412080933/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/1438720/More-than-1000-died-trying-to-flee-East-Germany.html |website=web.archive.org |date=2012-04-12 |access-date=2024-08-19}}</ref>
|929
|[[ドイツ民主共和国|東ドイツ]]
|1949
|1989
|40 years
|
|-
|[[Black War]]
|878
|878
|878
|オーストラリア
|Mid 1820s
|1832
|?
|– Part of the Genocide of native [[Aboriginal Tasmanians|Tasmanians]]
|-
||Biological warfare at the [[Siege of Fort Pitt]]
||{{ntsh|319}}?
||{{ntsh|270000}}?
||{{ntsh|9281}}?
||[[ペンシルベニア州|ペンシルバニア州]][[ピッツバーグ]]
||June 22, 1763
||August 10, 1763
|1 months, 18 days
||The death toll resulting from the event is unknown – Part of the [[Native American Genocide|Genocide of indigenous peoples in the Americas]]
|}

==政治的粛清・弾圧==
ここでは政治的な対立による大量殺害についての一覧を載せる。{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}

{| class="sortable wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|- style="background:#CCCC;"
! style="width:7%;" | 出来事
! data-sort-type="number" | 低い推定!! style="width:7%;" data-sort-type="number" | 高い推定
! data-sort-type="number" | 相乗平均<ref name="Pinto 2014 173–180" />!! style="width:5%;" | 場所 !! style="width:5%;" | 開始 !! style="width:5%;" data-sort-="" type="number" | 終了
!期間!! style="width:50%;" data-sort-="" type="number" | 備考
|-
|[[文化大革命]]||{{nts|400000}}<ref name="Maurice Meisner 1999 354">{{Cite book2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YpV7vbvclfgC&pg=PA354|title=Mao's China and After: A History of the People's Republic|author=Maurice Meisner|publisher=Free Press|year=1999|isbn=978-0-684-85635-3|edition= 3rd|page=354}}</ref>||{{nts|10000000}}<ref>{{Cite web2|title=The Chinese Case: Was It Genocide or Poor Policy?|url=https://www.ushmm.org/confront-genocide/speakers-and-events/all-speakers-and-events/genocide-and-mass-murder-in-the-twentieth-century-a-historical-perspective/the-chinese-case-was-it-genocide-or-poor-policy|author=USHMM|date=December 5, 1995|publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|quote=The Cultural Revolution was modern China's most destructive episode. It is estimated that 100 million people were persecuted and about five to ten million people, mostly intellectuals and party officials lost their lives.|url-status=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823204000/https://www.ushmm.org/confront-genocide/speakers-and-events/all-speakers-and-events/genocide-and-mass-murder-in-the-twentieth-century-a-historical-perspective/the-chinese-case-was-it-genocide-or-poor-policy|archivedate=August 23, 2017}}</ref>
||{{nts|2000000}}||[[中華人民共和国]]|| 1966 || 1976
|10 years|| The [[Cultural Revolution]], formally the ''Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution'', was a sociopolitical movement that took place in the [[People's Republic of China]] from 1966 until 1976. Set into motion by [[Mao Zedong]], then [[Chairman]] of the [[Communist Party of China]], its stated goal was to preserve 'true' [[Communist ideology]] in the country by purging remnants of [[capitalist]] and [[traditional]] elements from Chinese society.<br />See also: [[Struggle session]]
|-
|1965-66のインドネシアでの大量虐殺||{{nts|500000}}<ref>{{Cite book2 |last=Robinson |first=Geoffrey B. |date=2018 |title=The Killing Season: A History of the Indonesian Massacres, 1965–66 |url=https://press.princeton.edu/titles/11135.html |location= |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |page=3 |isbn=978-1-4008-8886-3 |author-link=}}</ref>||{{nts|3000000}}<ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/101east/2012/12/2012121874846805636.html Indonesia's killing fields]. ''[[Al Jazeera]]'', December 21, 2012. Retrieved January 24, 2016.<br />{{Cite book2|last1=Gellately|first1=Robert|author-link1=Robert Gellately|last2=Kiernan|first2=Ben|author-link2=Ben Kiernan|date=July 2003|title=The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective|url=http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/history/twentieth-century-regional-history/specter-genocide-mass-murder-historical-perspective|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=k9Ro7b0tWz4C&pg=PA290 290–91]|isbn=0521527503|access-date=October 19, 2015}}<br />"Blumenthal80">Mark Aarons (2007). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=dg0hWswKgTIC&pg=PA69 Justice Betrayed: Post-1945 Responses to Genocide]." In David A. Blumenthal and Timothy L. H. McCormack (eds). ''[http://www.brill.com/legacy-nuremberg-civilising-influence-or-institutionalised-vengeance The Legacy of Nuremberg: Civilising Influence or Institutionalised Vengeance? (International Humanitarian Law).]'' [[Martinus Nijhoff Publishers]]; {{ISBN2|9004156917}}, pg.
[https://books.google.com/books?id=dg0hWswKgTIC&pg=PA80 80].</ref>
||{{nts|1224745}}||インドネシア|| 1965 || 1966
|1 year|| Massacres of people connected to the [[Indonesian Communist Party]] (PKI) were carried out in 1965–66 by the Indonesian Army and associated death squads with support from Western powers such as the United States.<ref>{{Cite book2 |last= Robinson|first=Geoffrey B.|date= 2018|title=The Killing Season: A History of the Indonesian Massacres, 1965–66|url=https://press.princeton.edu/titles/11135.html|location= |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |pages=206–207 |isbn=9781400888863|author-link=}}</ref> Death tolls are difficult to estimate,<ref>{{Cite journal2|last=Cribb|first=Robert|title=Unresolved Problems in the Indonesian Killings of 1965–1966|journal=Asian Survey|year=2002|volume=42|issue=4|pages=550–63|doi=10.1525/as.2002.42.4.550|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/aa9b073fd95ecbc825767210f1afb1a724171b8b}}</ref> but it is widely accepted by scholars that roughly 1 million people were killed.<ref>{{Cite book2 |last=Melvin |first=Jess |date=2018 |title=The Army and the Indonesian Genocide: Mechanics of Mass Murder |url=https://www.routledge.com/The-Army-and-the-Indonesian-Genocide-Mechanics-of-Mass-Murder/Melvin/p/book/9781138574694 |location= |publisher=[[Routledge]] |page=1 |isbn=978-1-138-57469-4 |author-link=}}</ref>
|-
|[[大粛清]]||{{nts|681692}}<ref>{{Cite journal2|last1=Getty|first1= J. Arch|last2=Rittersporn|first2=Gábor |last3=Zemskov |first3=Viktor |title=Victims of the Soviet penal system in the pre-war years: a first approach on the basis of archival evidence|journal=[[American Historical Review]]|date=1993 |volume=98 |issue=4 |page=1022 |doi=10.2307/2166597 |jstor=2166597|url=http://sovietinfo.tripod.com/GTY-Penal_System.pdf}}</ref>||{{nts|1704230}}<ref name="AW-C">Wielka czystka by [[Alexander Weissberg-Cybulski]], {{ISBN2|83-07-02122-7}}</ref>
||{{nts|1077850}}||ソビエト連邦|| 1936 || 1938
|2 years|| The [[Great Purge]] or Great Terror was a period of intense political repression in the [[Soviet Union]] including execution (especially through open air shootings) and forced labor through the [[Gulag]] system.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
|[[:en:Land_Reform_Movement|土地改革]]・[[:en:Campaign_to_Suppress_Counterrevolutionaries|反革命鎮圧運動]]
||{{nts|200000}}<ref name=":1">Mosher, Steven (1992). ''China Misperceived: American Illusions and Chinese Reality''. Basic Books. p. 74. ISBN <bdi>0-465-09813-4</bdi>. <q>The Terror—no other term will do—that began in 1950 was to last for three years and cost several million lives before it ended. It originated in two distinct political campaigns, each a ruthless effort to crush a particular class. The land reform, while nominally an effort to reapportion the land to poor and lower-middle-class peasants, was actually intended to destroy the old rural elite, replacing it with a new rural power structure dominated by those who had received parcels of land from the CCP and the new regime.4 The "suppression of counterrevolutionaries" campaign was designed to eliminate the bureaucratic bourgeoisie—those compradores, traders, and KMT functionaries who were seen by the party as economic parasites or political foes. [...] The U.S. State Department in 1976 estimated that there may have been a million killed in the land reform, 800,000 killed in the counterrevolutionary campaign.7 Maurice Meisner, who is sympathetic to the need for revolutionary terror, allowed that perhaps 2 million people were executed during the first three years of the PRC.8 Jacques Guillermaz, the distinguished French Sinologist, who served as French Military Attaché in Nanjing during the civil war and later in Beijing, estimated in his La Chine populaire, published in 1964, that a total of 1 to 3 million were executed.9 He later increased this estimate to 5 million, a figure that Fairbank has cited as the upper range of "sober" estimates.10 The highest estimate comes from Nationalist officials on Taiwan, who were not inclined to underestimate the ferocity of their victorious opponents. They alleged that 6 million urban residents and 4 million rural gentry had been killed during these years. [...] 7. Stephen Rosskamm Shalom, Deaths in China Due to Communism, Occasional Paper No. 15., Center for Asian Studies (Tempe: Arizona State University, 1984), p. 24. 8. Maurice Meisner, Mao's China: A History of the People's Republic (New York: The Free Press, 1977), p. 81. 9. Jacques Guillermaz, La Chine populaire, (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1959), p. 47. 10. Jacques Guillermaz, The Chinese Communist Party in Power, 1949—1976 (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1976), p. 24, n. 6</q></ref>
||{{nts|5000000}}<ref name=":1" />
||{{nts|1000000}}||[[中華人民共和国]]|| 1949 || 1953
|4 years||　この二つの運動はほぼ同時に行われたため犠牲者の数を分けて考えることは難しい。
　また、[[国共内戦]](1945-1949)中に行われたものはこの推定には加算しない
|-
||白色テロ（ロシア）
||{{nts|300000}}
||{{nts|300000}}<ref>{{Cite book2|title=Потери народонаселения в XX веке.|last=Эрлихман|first=Вадим|publisher=Издательский дом "Русская панорама"|year=2004|isbn=5931651071}}</ref>
||{{nts|300000}}
||ロシア帝国
||1917
||1923
|6 years
||Political repression by the [[White movement]] during the [[Russian Civil War]].
|-
|白色テロ（スペイン）
||{{nts|150000}}<ref>Julián Casanova, Francisco Espinosa, Conxita Mir, Francisco Moreno Gómez. "Morir, matar, sobrevivir. La violencia en la dictadura de Franco", ''Editorial Crítica''. Barcelona, Spain. 2002. p. 8.</ref>||{{nts|400000}}<ref>Michael Richards, ''A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco's Spain, 1936–1945'', Cambridge University Press. 1998. pg. 11.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
||{{nts|244949}}||[[スペイン|Spain]] during and after the [[Spanish Civil War]]|| 1936 || 1945
|9 years|| In [[スペイン|Spain]], the [[White Terror (Spain)|White Terror]] (also known as "la Represión Franquista" or the "Francoist Repression") was the series of acts of politically motivated violence, rape, and other crimes committed by the Nationalist movement during the Spanish Civil War (July 17, 1936 to April 1, 1939) and during Francisco Franco's dictatorship (October 1, 1936 – November 20, 1975)<ref name="beevor">[[Antony Beevor]]. ''The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939'', Weidenfeld & Nicolson (2006), pp. 89–94.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
|-
||赤色テロ（エチオピア）||{{nts| 30000}}||{{nts|750000}}<ref>{{Cite web2|title=Genocides, Politicides, and Other Mass Murder Since 1945, With Stages in 2008|url=http://www.gpanet.org/content/genocides-politicides-and-other-mass-murder-1945-stages-2008|website=Genocide Prevention Advisory Network|accessdate=July 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805151226/http://www.gpanet.org/content/genocides-politicides-and-other-mass-murder-1945-stages-2008|archive-date=August 5, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
||{{nts|150000}}||[[People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia]]|| 1977 || 1978
|1 year|| Violent purge of those deemed Anti-Communist in [[Ethiopia]].<ref>Harff, Barbara & Gurr, Ted Robert: "Toward an Empirical Theory of Genocides and Politicides", 32 International Studies Quarterly 359 (1988).</ref><ref>Agence France Presse (8 Oct. 1996)</ref><ref>{{Cite book2|author1=Christopher M. Andrew|author2=Vasili Mitrokhin|title=The World was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4eSR1rHg5_YC&pg=PA457|year=2005|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0-465-00311-2|page=457}}</ref><ref name="US admits helping Mengistu escape">Riccardo Orizio, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/575405.stm US admits helping Mengistu escape], [[BBC]], December 22, 1999.</ref><ref>''Talk of the Devil: Encounters with Seven Dictators'', pg 151.<!--author, ISSN/ISBN, publisher, year needed--></ref>
|-
||[[保導連盟事件]]
||{{nts|100000}}<ref>Paul M. Edwards, ''Historical Dictionary of the Korean War'', Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press, 2010, p. 32, entry "Bodo League Massacre"<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
||{{nts|200000}}{{sfn|Kim|2004|p=535}}
||{{nts|141421}}
||韓国
||1950
||1950
|?
||Massacre of communists and suspected communists during the summer of 1950, at the start of [[Korean War]].
|-
|[[ナチス・ドイツ|ナチス]]による[[フリーメイソン]]弾圧||{{nts|80000}}<ref name="holocaust">{{Cite book2|last=Hodapp|first=Christopher|date=2013|title=Freemasonry for Dummies, 2. Edition|publisher=Wiley Publishing Inc.|isbn=978-1118412084}}</ref>||{{nts|200000}}<ref name="holocaust" />
||{{nts|126491}}||[[Nazi Germany|German]]-occupied territory || 1933 || 1945
|12 years|| The [[Nazis|Nazi]] regime of Germany targeted [[Freemasons]] as they saw them as collaborators in a [[Jewish]] conspiracy.
{{See also|Suppression of Freemasonry}}
|-
|[[赤色テロ]]||{{nts|10000}}<ref>Ryan, James (2012). ''Lenin's Terror: The Ideological Origins of Early Soviet State Violence''. London: [[Routledge]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=XJ6LAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA114 pg. 114]; {{ISBN2|978-1138815681}}</ref>||{{nts|1500000}}<ref name="szaszdi">{{Cite book2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZuXf0-HU4QMC|title=Russian Civil-Military Relations and the Origins of the Second Chechen War|publisher=University Press of America|author=Lajos Szaszdi|year=2008|page=152|isbn=978-0-7618-4178-4}}</ref>
||{{nts|122474}}|| Former [[Russian Empire]] during [[Russian Civil War]]|| 1918 || 1922
|4 years|| Political repression by the [[Bolsheviks]] during the [[Russian Civil War]].
|-
||1991年のイラクでの反乱
||{{nts|25000}}
||{{nts|180000}}
||{{nts|67082}}
||イラク
||March the 1st, 1991
||April the 5th, 1991
|1 month and 4 days
||The death toll of the uprising against [[Saddam Hussein]]'s government during 1991 was high throughout the country. The rebels killed many Ba'athist officials and officers. In response, thousands of unarmed civilians were killed by indiscriminate fire from loyalist tanks, artillery and helicopters, and many historical and religious structures in the south were deliberately targeted under orders from Saddam Hussein. Saddam's security forces entered the cities, often using women and children as [[human shield]]s, where they detained and [[summary execution|summarily executed]] or [[Forced disappearance|"disappeared"]] thousands of people at random in a policy of [[collective responsibility]]. Many suspects were tortured, raped, or burned alive.<ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://www.mafhoum.com/press4/126S23.htm|title=Justice For Iraq |publisher=Mafhoum.com|accessdate=August 14, 2013}}</ref>
|-
|[[コンドル作戦]]||{{nts|50000}}||{{nts|80000}}<ref>{{Cite web2|title=Background on Chile|url=http://www.cja.org/article.php?list=type&type=196|publisher=The Center for Justice & Accountability|accessdate=July 9, 2013}}</ref>
||{{nts|63246}}||[[South America]]|| 1975 || 1983
|8 years|| A campaign of political repression by right-wing dictatorships in South America, sponsored by the United States.<ref name="McSherry">{{Cite book2|last1=McSherry|first1=J. Patrice|author-link1= J. Patrice McSherry|editor1=Esparza, Marcia |editor2=Henry R. Huttenbach|editor3=Daniel Feierstein|title=State Violence and Genocide in Latin America: The Cold War Years (Critical Terrorism Studies)|chapter=Chapter 5: "Industrial repression" and Operation Condor in Latin America |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=acGNAgAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA107#v=onepage 107]|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2011|isbn=978-0415664578|chapter-url=https://www.routledge.com/State-Violence-and-Genocide-in-Latin-America-The-Cold-War-Years/Esparza-Huttenbach-Feierstein/p/book/9780415496377}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book2 |last=Blakeley|first=Ruth|date=2009 |title=State Terrorism and Neoliberalism: The North in the South|url=http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415462402/|location= |publisher=[[Routledge]]|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=rft8AgAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA22#v=onepage 22] & [https://books.google.com/books?id=rft8AgAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA23#v=onepage 23]|isbn=978-0415686174}}</ref>
|-
|赤色テロ（スペイン）||{{nts|38000}}<ref>Beevor, Antony. ''The Battle for Spain; The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939''. Penguin Books. 2006. London. p. 87</ref>||{{nts|72344}}<ref name="Dela">de la Cueva, Julio, "Religious Persecution", ''Journal of Contemporary History'', 3, 198, pp. 355–69. {{jstor|261121}}</ref>
||{{nts|52432}}||[[スペイン|Spain]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]]|| 1936 || 1939
|3 years|| The [[Red Terror]] in Spain ({{lang-es|Terror Rojo}})<ref>Julian Casanova, ''Unearthing Franco's Legacy'', pp. 105–06, University of Notre Dame Press, 2010; {{ISBN2|0-268-03268-8}}</ref> is the name given by historians to various acts of violence committed from 1936 until the end of the [[Spanish Civil War]] "by sections of nearly all the [[leftist]] groups".<ref>[[Beevor, Antony]] (2006), The Battle For Spain; The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, pg. 81.<!--ISSN/ISBN needed--></ref>
|-
|ベトナムでの農地改革||{{nts|13500}}<ref name="lib.washington.edu">Moise, pp. 205–22; "Newly released documents on the land reform", ''Vietnam Studies Group''.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --> {{Cite web2|url=https://www.lib.washington.edu/SouthEastAsia/vsg/elist_2007/Newly%20released%20documents%20on%20the%20land%20reform%20.html|title=Archived copy|accessdate=June 30, 2016 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420044800/http://www.lib.washington.edu/southeastasia/vsg/elist_2007/Newly%20released%20documents%20on%20the%20land%20reform%20.html |archivedate=April 20, 2011}}</ref>||{{nts|200000}}<ref name="paulbogdanor.com">Lam Thanh Liem (2005), [http://www.paulbogdanor.com/left/vietnam/landreform.html "Ho Chi Minh's Land Reform: Mistake or Crime"]. Retrieved October 4, 2015.</ref>
||{{nts|51962}}||[[North Vietnam]]|| 1954 || 1956
|2 years||
|-
|[[恐怖政治|フランス革命での恐怖政治]]
||{{nts|16594}}<ref>{{Cite web2 |last1=Dr. Linton |first1=Marisa |title=The Terror in the French Revolution |url=http://www2.port.ac.uk/special/france1815to2003/chapter1/interviews/filetodownload,20545,en.pdf |publisher=Kingston University, UK |accessdate=March 11, 2019}}</ref>
||{{nts|41594}}<ref>{{Cite web2 |title=The Reign of Terror |url=https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-worldhistory/chapter/the-reign-of-terror/ |website=Lumen Learning |accessdate=March 11, 2019}}</ref>
||{{nts|26272}}
||[[France]] during the [[French Revolution]]
|| 1793
|| 1794
|1 year
|| The [[Reign of Terror]] was a period of violence that occurred after the onset of the [[French Revolution]], incited by conflict between two rival political factions, the [[Girondins]] and The [[Jacobins]], and marked by mass executions of "enemies of the revolution".{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
||[[ハマー虐殺]]
||{{nts|10000}}
||{{nts|40000}}
||{{nts|20000}}
||[[Hama]], [[Syria]]
||February 2, 1982
||February 28, 1982
|26 days
||The [[Hama massacre]] ([[Arabic]]: مجزرة حماة) occurred in February 1982, when the [[Syrian Arab Army]] and the [[Defense Companies]], under the orders of the country's president [[Hafez al-Assad]], besieged the town of [[Hama]] for 27 days in order to quell an [[uprising]] by the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] against al-Assad's government.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
||ラ・マタンサ
||{{nts|10000}}
||{{nts|40000}}<ref>{{Cite web2|author=University of California, San Diego|url=http://dodgson.ucsd.edu/las/elsal/1902-1932.html|title=El Salvador elections and events 1902–1932|year=2001|accessdate=August 12, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521064730/http://dodgson.ucsd.edu/las/elsal/1902-1932.html|archivedate=May 21, 2008|author-link=University of California, San Diego}}</ref>
||{{nts|20000}}
||[[エルサルバドル]]
||January 22, 1932
||July 11, 1932
|6 months and 20 days
||Many of the victims were [[indigenous people]].
|-
||[[二・二八事件]]
||{{nts|10000}}
||{{nts|30000}}
||{{nts|17320}}
||[[Taiwan]]
||1947
||1947
|?
||Crackdown by the [[Kuomintang]] government that ushered in the [[White Terror (Taiwan)]] era.
|-
|[[汚い戦争]]||{{nts|9000}}<ref>{{Cite news2|title=Obituary: Raúl Alfonsín – World news – The Guardian|author=Phil Gunson|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/apr/02/obituary-raul-alfonsin|work=Guardian|accessdate=August 23, 2013 |location=London |date=April 2, 2009}}</ref>||{{nts|30000}}<ref name="McSherry" />
||{{nts|16432}}||[[Argentina]]|| 1976 || 1983
|7 years|| At least 9,000 people were tortured and killed in Argentina from 1976 to 1983, carried out primarily by the Argentinean military Junta (part of Operation ''Condor'').<ref name="McSherry" />
|-
|[[フィンランド内戦]]における赤色・白色テロ||{{nts|11650}}||{{nts|11650}}
||{{nts|11650}}||[[フィンランド|Finland]]|| 1918 || 1918
|3 months, 2 weeks and 4 days|| Both sides of the [[Finnish Civil War]] used Terrors where 10,000 were killed in the White Terror and 1,650 were killed in the Red Terror.<ref>{{Harvnb|Paavolainen|1966|pp=183–208}}, {{Harvnb|Paavolainen|1967|pp=}}, {{Harvnb|Keränen et al.|1992|pp=121, 138}}, {{Harvnb|Eerola|Eerola|1998|pp=59, 91}}, {{Harvnb|Westerlund|2004a|p=15}}, {{Harvnb|Tikka|2006|pp=19–30}}, {{Harvnb|Jyränki|2014|pp=150–88}}, {{Harvnb|Tikka|2014|pp=90–118}}, {{Harvnb|Kekkonen|2016|pp=106–66, 287–356}}</ref>
|-
||1988年のイランでの政治犯の処刑
||{{nts|4482}}
||{{nts|30000}}
||{{nts|11596}}
||[[Iran]]
||1988
||1988
|5 months
||Massacre of political prisoners in Iran.<ref name="amnesty">{{Cite web2|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/021/1990/en/|title=Archived copy|accessdate=August 7, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://www.iranfocus.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=160|title=Iran Focus|accessdate=May 12, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web2|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2001/02/04/wiran04.xml|title=News|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=May 12, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|[[白色テロ (台湾)]]||{{nts|3000}}||{{nts|4000}}
||{{nts|3464}}||[[Taiwan]]|| 1949 || 1987
|38 years|| An era of martial law in [[Taiwan]] in which 140,000 where imprisoned, and 3,000 to 4,000 were executed for real or perceived opposition to the [[Kuomintang]].{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
||[[六四天安門事件]]
||{{nts|241}}
||{{nts|10000}}<ref>{{Cite news2|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/tiananmen-square-massacre-death-toll-secret-cable-british-ambassador-1989-alan-donald-a8126461.html|title=At least 10,000 people died in Tiananmen Square massacre, secret British cable alleges|date=December 23, 2017|work=independent.co.uk}}</ref>
||{{nts|3000}}
||[[Tiananmen Square]], [[China|People's Republic of China]]
||1989
||1989
|1 month, 2 weeks and 6 days
||Crackdown of anti-government protest in the [[China|People's Republic of China]].
|-
||[[アウグスト・ピノチェト|ピノチェト]]政権下の[[チリ]]における人権侵害
||{{nts|1200}}
||{{nts|3200}}
||{{nts|1960}}
||[[Chile]]
||1974
||1990
|16 years
||1,200 to 3,200 alleged [[communist]]s were executed, 80,000 were forcibly interned and 30,000 were tortured under the reign of [[Augusto Pinochet]].<ref>{{in lang|es}} [http://www.usip.org/publications/truth-commission-chile-90 English translation] of the [[Rettig Report]]</ref><ref name="latinamericanstudies.org">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/human-rights/false-reports.htm|title=Chile to sue over false reports of Pinochet-era missing|publisher=Latin American Studies|date=December 30, 2008|accessdate=March 10, 2010}}</ref>
|}

==強制労働・奴隷貿易==
ここでは、労働条件の悪さによる死亡、労働能力を十分に発揮できなかったことによる死刑、輸送中や職場での労働者の不当な扱いによる死亡について一覧を載せる。{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}

{| class="sortable wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|- style="background:#CCCC;"
! style="width:7%;" | 出来事
! data-sort-type="number" | 低い推定!! style="width:7%;" data-sort-type="number" | 高い推定
! data-sort-type="number" | 相乗平均!! style="width:5%;" | 場所 !! style="width:5%;" | 開始 !! style="width:5%;" data-sort-="" type="number" | 終了
!期間!! style="width:50%;" data-sort-="" type="number" | 備考
|-
||[[アラブ人の奴隷貿易]]
||{{nts|7545000}}<ref name="sadalll">see Notes</ref>
||{{nts|70000000}}<ref name=arabslav>Ronald Segal, in Islam's Black Slaves, estimates the total number of African slaves shipped to the Muslim world at 11.5M-14M. This breaks down as follows: From 650-1600 CE Citing Ralph Austen: Trans-Saharan: 4,820,000 Red Sea: 1.6M East Africa: 0.8M TOTAL: 7.22M shipped Citing Paul Lovejoy: 3.5-10.0M shipped 17th Century Sahara: 0.7M Red Sea: 0.1M East Africa: 0.1M TOTAL: 900,000 shipped 18th C Sahara: 0.7M Red Sea: 0.2M East Africa: 0.4M TOTAL: 1,300,000 shipped 19th C Sahara: 1.2M Red Sea: 0.45M East Africa: 0.442M TOTAL: 2,092,000 shipped TOTAL: 11,512,000 shipped Segal also mentions estimates by Raymond Mauvy: 7th C: 0.1M 8th C: 0.2M 9th C: 0.4M 10th-13th Cs: 2.0M 14th C: 1.0M 15th-19th Cs: 10.0M First half 20th C.: 300,000 TOTAL: 14M shipped What was the mortality rate among these slaves? Here are a few estimates in Segal: Wylde: Each eunuch in Cairo represented 200 dead Sudanese. Hourst, 19th C: each sale represented a loss of ten in the original population, including raids. Livingstone: 1 living = 10 dead. British Govt Rpt: For every 10 slaves reaching 19C Cairo, 50 died on the way. Nachtigal: on one large [typical?] Saharan caravan, 3 or 4 died for every survivor. UK Consul in Zanzibar: 1:1 ratio Mahadi: 20% d. in Saharan trade Lovejoy, citing Martin: 9% overall in 19th C. East Africa. (Segal: safe estimate) [MEDIAN of these estimates: 3 to 5 deaths for every 1 live import]</ref>
||{{nts|22981514}}
||[[Middle East]], [[North Africa]], and the [[Horn of Africa]]
||700s
||1899
|more than 1100 years
||
1500 to 1899:
* (1500 - 1599-<ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://remilitari.com/guias/victimario9.htm|title=De re Militari: muertos en Guerras, Dictaduras y Genocidios|website=remilitari.com|access-date=2023-10-06}}</ref>
** 1.000.000 - 1,300,000 (Africans
** 115,000 - 180,000 ( Europeans )
* (1600 - 1699 <ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://remilitari.com/guias/victimario8.htm|title=De re Militari: muertos en Guerras, Dictaduras y Genocidios|website=remilitari.com|access-date=2023-10-06}}</ref>
** 1,300,000 ( Africans )
** 130,000 - 200,000 ( Europeans )
* (1700 - 1799)- 2,000,000 ( Africans) <ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://remilitari.com/guias/victimario7.htm|title=De re Militari: muertos en Guerras, Dictaduras y Genocidios|website=remilitari.com|access-date=2023-10-06}}</ref>
* (1800 - 1899)- 3.000.000 ( Africans ) <ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://remilitari.com/guias/victimario5.htm|title=De re Militari: muertos en Guerras, Dictaduras y Genocidios|website=remilitari.com|access-date=2023-10-06}}</ref>
Other sources estimate as many as 70 million could have perished.<ref name=arabslav />
|-
||[[労働改造所|労働改造制度]]
||{{nts|15000000}}<ref>Aikman, David. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20170617194729/http://www.weeklystandard.com/article/10185 The Laogai Archipelago"], ''[[The Weekly Standard]]'', September 29, 1997.</ref>
||{{nts|27000000}}
||{{nts|20124610}}
||[[China]]
||1945
||1976
|31 years
||[[Laogai]] (勞改/劳改), the abbreviation for ''Láodòng Gǎizào'' (勞動改造/劳动改造), which means "reform through labor", is a slogan of the Chinese [[criminal justice|criminal justice system]] and has been used to refer to the use of [[penal labour]] and [[prison farm]]s in the People's Republic of China (PRC), which once took up more than half of the world's slaves.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}} ''Laogai'' is different from ''laojiao'', or [[re-education through labor]], which was an administrative detention for a person who was not a criminal but had committed minor offenses, and was intended to reform offenders into law-abiding citizens.<ref name="HRW">{{Cite web2|url=https://www.hrw.org/campaigns/china-98/laojiao.htm|title=Reeducation Through Labor in China|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]|accessdate=October 12, 2008|date=June 1998|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915044818/http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/china-98/laojiao.htm|archivedate=September 15, 2008}}</ref> Persons detained under ''laojiao'' were detained in facilities that were separate from the general prison system of ''laogai''. Both systems, however, involved [[Penal labour|penal labor]].{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
||[[大西洋奴隷貿易]]
||{{nts|2000000}}<ref>{{Cite web2 |last1=Greenberg |first1=Jon |title=Jon Stewart: Slave trade caused 5 million deaths |url=https://www.politifact.com/punditfact/statements/2014/mar/18/jon-stewart/jon-stewart-slave-trade-caused-5-million-deaths/ |website=Pundit Fact}}</ref>
||{{nts|60000000}}<ref>{{Cite book2 |last1=Stannard |first1=David |title=American Holocaust |date=1992 |isbn=978-0-19-508557-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/americanholocaus00stan}}</ref>
||{{nts|10954451}}
||[[Africa]], the [[Americas]], and the [[Atlantic]]
||1500s
||1700s
|200 years
||
|-
||[[オスマン帝国]]における奴隷制
||{{nts|10500000}}<ref>Davis, Robert. Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500–1800.</ref><ref>The Cambridge World History of Slavery: Volume 3, AD 1420–AD 1804.</ref>
||{{nts|11250000}}
||{{nts|10868533}}
||[[Eurasia]], [[Middle East]], [[North Africa]]
||1450
||1800
|350 years
||There is no concrete number for the number of people killed due to the [[Barbary Slave Trade]].
The method many people use is to estimate the mortality rate of slave raids and multiply them by the number people took as slaves. Scholars estimates 3 people were killed for every 1 slave abducted. Includes [[Barbary Slave Trade]].{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
||コンゴ自由国における残虐
||{{nts|3000000}}{{efn|The Casement estimate is used by Ascherson in his book ''[[The King Incorporated]]'', although he notes that it is "almost certainly an underestimate".{{sfn|Ascherson|1999|p=9}}}}
||{{nts|13000000}}{{sfn|Hochschild|1999|p=315}}
||{{nts|6244998}}
||[[Congo Free State]]||{{nts|1885|format=no}}||{{nts|1908|format=no}}
|23 years||[[International Association of the Congo|Private forces]] under the control of [[Leopold II of Belgium]] carried out mass murders, mutilations, and other crimes against the Congolese in order to encourage the gathering of valuable raw materials, principally [[rubber]]. Significant deaths also occurred due to major disease outbreaks and starvation, caused by population displacement and poor treatment.<ref name="Hochschild 1999">[[Adam Hochschild|Hochschild, Adam]] (1999), pp. 226–32, ''[[King Leopold's Ghost]]'', Houghton Mifflin Harcourt; {{ISBN2|0-547-52573-7}}</ref> Estimates of the death toll vary considerably because of the lack of a formal census before 1924, but a commonly cited figure of 10 million deaths was obtained by estimating a 50% decline in the total population during the Congo Free State and applying it to the total population of 10 million in 1924.<ref name="Hochschild p.226–232">Hochschild, pp. 226–32.</ref>
|-
||[[グラグ]]制度
||{{nts|1053829}}<ref>Pool, ''The Stalinist Penal System'', pg. 131<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed, publisher, year needed--></ref><ref>{{Cite journal2|last1=Getty|first1= J. Arch|last2=Rittersporn|first2=Gábor |last3=Zemskov |first3=Viktor |title=Victims of the Soviet penal system in the pre-war years: a first approach on the basis of archival evidence|journal=[[American Historical Review]]|date=1993 |volume=98 |issue=4 |page=1024 |doi=10.2307/2166597 |jstor=2166597|url=http://sovietinfo.tripod.com/GTY-Penal_System.pdf}}</ref>
||{{nts|6000000}}<ref>Alexopoulos, Golfo (2017). ''Illness and Inhumanity in Stalin's Gulag'', Yale University Press.<!--ISSN/ISBN needed--></ref>
||{{nts|2514552}}
||[[Soviet Union]]
||1930s
||1950s
|20 years
||[[Gulag]] is an acronym for the organization that administered the forced labor system in the [[Soviet Union]] that became a colloquialism in the west for the camps themselves. The system was used to punish criminals, political dissidents, and prisoners of war.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}} There is a growing consensus among scholars that, based on archival data, the number of deaths in the gulag system fall within the range 1.5 to 1.7 million.<ref>{{Cite journal2 |last1= Healey|first1=Dan|authorlink=Dan Healey|date=June 1, 2018|title=GOLFO ALEXOPOULOS. Illness and Inhumanity in Stalin's Gulag|url=https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/ou_press/golfo-alexopoulos-illness-and-inhumanity-in-stalin-s-gulag-i363rKPYOp|journal=[[The American Historical Review]]|volume=123 |issue=3 |pages=1049–1051|doi=10.1093/ahr/123.3.1049|quote="New studies using declassified Gulag archives have provisionally established a consensus on mortality and "inhumanity." The tentative consensus says that once secret records of the Gulag administration in Moscow show a lower death toll than expected from memoir sources, generally between 1.5 and 1.7 million (out of 18 million who passed through) for the years from 1930 to 1953."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal2|author=Wheatcroft, Stephen G.|year=1999|title=Victims of Stalinism and the Soviet Secret Police: The Comparability and Reliability of the Archival Data. Not the Last Word|url=http://sovietinfo.tripod.com/WCR-Secret_Police.pdf|journal=[[Europe-Asia Studies]]|volume=51|issue=2|page=320|doi=10.1080/09668139999056}}</ref><ref>[[Steven Rosefielde]]. ''[[Red Holocaust (2009 book)|Red Holocaust]].'' [[Routledge]], 2009. {{ISBN2|0-415-77757-7}} pg. 67 ''"...more complete archival data increases camp deaths by 19.4 percent to 1,258,537"''; pg 77: ''"The best archivally based estimate of Gulag excess deaths at present is 1.6 million from 1929 to 1953." ''</ref>
|-
||[[朝鮮民主主義人民共和国の強制収容所|北朝鮮における強制労働]]
||{{nts|400000}}
||{{nts|1500000}}
||{{nts|774597}}
||[[朝鮮民主主義人民共和国|North Korea]]
||1972
||ongoing
|46 years
||<ref name=":76">''[[Black Book of Communism]]'', pg. 564.<!-- ISSN/ISBN, publisher, year needed --></ref><ref name="mooncuddles">{{Cite web2|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/19/ashamed-south-koreans-chilled-by-kim-jong-uns-cuddles|title='Ashamed': South Koreans chilled by Kim Jong-un's cuddles|last=Haas|first=Benjamin|date=September 19, 2018|website=the Guardian|accessdate=September 20, 2018|quote=North Korea runs massive prison camps that hold between 80,000 and 120,000 political prisoners, according to a United Nations inquiry that compiled evidence of a raft of crimes against humanity. The UN commission cited 'extermination, murder, enslavement, torture, imprisonment, rape, forced abortions and other sexual violence, persecution on political, religious, racial and gender grounds, the forcible transfer of populations, the enforced disappearance of persons and the inhumane act of knowingly causing prolonged starvation'.}}</ref>
|-
||[[アシエンダ制]]における奴隷労働
||{{nts|173000}}
||{{nts|2015000}}
||{{nts|590419}}
||[[Mexico]]
||1900
||1920
|20 years
||[[R.J. Rummel]], coiner of the word "[[Democide]]," estimated the mortality rate for [[Mexico|Mexican]] [[Peonage]], a form of debt labor, by comparing it to similar forced labor systems such as the Soviet [[Gulag]], and then applying and reducing it accordingly to the population of [[Mexico]] at the time, coming up with an annual death rate of 69,000.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
||[[大日本帝国]]による朝鮮人の強制労働
||{{nts|270000}}
||{{nts|810000}}
||{{nts|467654}}
||[[Korea]] and [[Manchuria]]
||1939
||1945
|6 years
||<ref>{{Cite book2|first=R.J.|last=Rummel|title=Statistics of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1990|publisher=Lit Verlag|year=1999|isbn=3-8258-4010-7}}
Available online: {{Cite web2|title=Statistics of Democide: Chapter 3 – Statistics Of Japanese Democide Estimates, Calculations, And Sources|work=Freedom, Democracy, Peace; Power, Democide, and War|url=http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP3.HTM|accessdate=March 1, 2006}}</ref>
|-
||[[フランス植民地帝国]]における奴隷制
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|13000000}}
||{{nts|1612452}}
||[[Africa]]
||1900
||1940
|40 years
||<ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c100k.htm#Fr00|title=Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls|website=necrometrics.com|accessdate=August 2, 2018}}</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}
|-
||[[ポルトガルの奴隷貿易|ポルトガルの奴隷制]]
||{{nts|325000}}
||{{nts|325000}}
||{{nts|325000}}
||[[Portuguese Empire]]
||1900
||1925
|25 years
||<ref>{{Cite web2|last1=White|first1=Matthew|title=Secondary Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c300k.htm|website=Necrometrics|accessdate=August 2, 2018}}</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}
|-
||バルバリア奴隷貿易
||{{nts|245000}}
||{{nts|380000}}
||{{nts|305123}}
||[[Italy]], [[スペイン|Spain]], and [[Portugal]]
||1500s
||1600s
|100 years
||<ref name="remilitari">{{Cite web2|url=http://remilitari.com/guias/victimario.htm|title=De re Militari: muertos en Guerras, Dictaduras y Genocidios|website=remilitari.com|access-date=2023-10-06}}</ref>– Part of [[Ottoman slave trade|Slavery in the Ottoman Empire]]
|-
||アマゾンのゴムブームにおける奴隷制
||{{nts|250000}}
||{{nts|250000}}
||{{nts|250000}}
||[[Amazon Basin|Amazon]], [[Brazil]]
||1900
||1912
|12 years
||<ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c100k.htm#Amaz|title=Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls|website=necrometrics.com|accessdate=August 2, 2018}}</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}
|-
||[[泰緬鉄道]]の建設
||{{nts|102621}}<ref name="mansell.com">MacPherson, Neil, [http://www.mansell.com/pow_resources/camplists/death_rr/movements_1.html "Death Railway Movements"], mansell.com. Retrieved January 6, 2015.</ref>
||{{nts|102621}}<ref name="mansell.com" />
||{{nts|102621}}
||[[Burma]]
||1943
||1947
|4 years
||
[[Forced labour]] was used in the construction of the [[Burma Railway]]. More than 180,000 Southeast Asian civilian labourers ([[Romusha]]) and 60,000 [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] [[prisoners of war]] (POWs) worked on the railway. Of these, estimates of Romusha deaths are little more than guesses, but probably about 90,000 died. 12,621 Allied POWs died during the construction. The dead POWs included 6,904 [[British people|British]] personnel, 2,802 [[Australians]], 2,782 [[Dutch people|Dutch]], and 133 [[Americans]].<ref name="mansell.com" />
|-
||[[スエズ運河]]建設
||{{nts|30000}}
||{{nts|120000}}
||{{nts|67082}}
||[[Egypt]], and [[Sudan]]
||1859
||1868
|9 years
||French diplomat [[Ferdinand de Lesseps]] had obtained many concessions from [[Isma'il Pasha]], the [[Khedive]] of Egypt and Sudan in 1854–56 to build the Suez Canal. Some sources estimate the workforce at 30,000,<ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://www.arte.tv/fr/connaissance-decouverte/aventure-humaine/Cette_20semaine/1291022.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819201458/http://www.arte.tv/fr/connaissance-decouverte/aventure-humaine/Cette_20semaine/1291022.html|url-status=dead|title=L'Aventure Humaine: ''Le canal de Suez'', Article de l'historien Uwe Oster|access-date=2011-08-19|archivedate=August 19, 2011}}</ref> but others estimate that 120,000 workers died over the ten years of construction due to malnutrition, fatigue, and disease, especially [[cholera]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5195068.stm The Suez Crisis – Key maps], bbc.co.uk. Retrieved August 2, 2018.</ref>
|-
||ペルーにおける中国人労働者の強制労働
||{{nts|40000}}<ref name="smithbodies">{{Cite web2 |last1=Katz |first1=Brigit |title=Remains of 19th-Century Chinese Laborers Found at a Pyramid in Peru |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/remains-19th-century-chinese-laborers-found-pyramid-peru-180964647/ |access-date=2019-11-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111084210/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/remains-19th-century-chinese-laborers-found-pyramid-peru-180964647/ |archivedate=2019-11-11 |website=Smithsonian.com}}</ref>
||{{nts|50054}}<ref name=brownsla />
||{{nts|44746}}
||[[Peru]]
||1849
||1874
|26 years
||80,000<ref name="smithbodies"/> to 100,000<ref name=smithbodies /><ref name=brownsla>{{Cite web2 |last1=Hwang |first1=Justina |title=Chinese in Peru in the 19th century |url=https://library.brown.edu/create/modernlatinamerica/chapters/chapter-6-the-andes/moments-in-andean-history/chinese-peru/ |access-date=2019-11-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111084324/https://library.brown.edu/create/modernlatinamerica/chapters/chapter-6-the-andes/moments-in-andean-history/chinese-peru/ |archivedate=2019-11-11 |website=Brown University}}</ref> Chinese contract laborers, 95% of which were Cantonese and almost all of which were male, were sent mostly to the [[sugar]] plantations from 1849 to 1874, during the termination of [[slavery]]. They were to provide continuous labor for the coastal [[guano]] mines and especially for the coastal plantations where they became a major labor force (contributing greatly to the Peruvian [[Guano Era|guano boom]]) until the end of the century. While the coolies were believed to be reduced to virtual slaves, they also represented a historical transition from slave to free labor. A third group of Chinese workers was contracted for the construction of the railway from Lima to [[La Oroya]] and [[Huancayo]]. Chinese migrants were barred from using cemeteries reserved for Roman Catholics, and were instead buried at pre-Incan burial sites.<ref>{{Cite news2 |url=https://phys.org/news/2017-08-peru-pre-incan-site-tomb-chinese.html |quote=The Chinese were discriminated against even in death, having to be buried in the pre-Incan sites after being barred from cemeteries reserved for Roman Catholics. |title=Peru discovers in pre-Incan site tomb of 16 Chinese migrants |date=August 24, 2017 |work=[[Phys.org]]}}</ref> Between 1849 and 1874 half<ref name=smithbodies /><ref name=brownsla /> the Chinese population of Peru perished due to abuse, exhaustion, and suicide<ref name=brownsla /> caused by forced labor.<ref name=smithbodies /><ref name=brownsla />
|-
||大日本帝国による連合国軍人捕虜の強制労働
||{{nts|35000}}
||{{nts|35000}}
||{{nts|35000}}
||In and around the [[Pacific]]
||1939
||1945
|6 years
||According to the Japanese military's own record, nearly 25% of 140,000 Allied [[POWs]] died while interned in Japanese prison camps, where they were forced to work (U.S. POWs died at a rate of 27%).<ref>{{Cite news2|url=http://www.japantoday.com/jp/book/115 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207230309/http://www.japantoday.com/jp/book/115|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 7, 2008|title=Japan News and Discussion|work=Japan Today|accessdate=February 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web2|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bataan/peopleevents/e_atrocities.html|title=Bataan Rescue: People & Events|publisher=American Experience|accessdate=February 15, 2016}}</ref>
|-
||[[FIFAワールドカップ]]に関連したクウェートの人権侵害
||{{nts|1200}}
||{{nts|1800}}
||{{nts|1342}}
||[[Qatar]]
||2013
||ongoing
|5 years
||Out of at least 100,000 laborers.<ref>{{Cite news2|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-33019838|title=Have 1,200 World Cup workers really died in Qatar?|last1=Stephenson|first1=Wesley|agency=BBC News|accessdate=March 4, 2018}}</ref>
|}

== 病気・飢餓 ==
{{Main|飢饉|飢饉の一覧}}
ここでは、人間の行動によって引き起こされた、または悪化させた飢饉や病気の発生について一覧を載せている。

なお、こうした飢饉や病気の中には、部分的には自然が原因であるものもある。{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}

{| style="width:100%;" class="sortable wikitable"
|- style="background:#CCCC;"
! style="width:7%;" | 出来事
! data-sort-type="number" | 低い推定!! style="width:7%;" data-sort-type="number" | 高い推定
! data-sort-type="number" | 相乗平均<ref name="Pinto 2014 173–180" />!! style="width:5%;" | 場所 !! style="width:5%;" | 開始 !! style="width:5%;" data-sort-="" type="number" | 終了
!期間!! style="width:50%;" data-sort-="" type="number" | 備考
|-
|[[中華人民共和国大飢饉]]||{{nts|11600000}}<ref>{{Cite web2 |last1=Patnaik |first1=Utsa |title=On Famine and Measuring 'Famine Deaths' |url=https://archive.org/details/pdfy-aW9fF2uI0YXUonyt/page/n5 |website=Internet Archive |accessdate=March 30, 2019}}</ref>
||{{nts|55000000}}<ref name="wemheuer">{{Cite journal2|title=Sites of horror: Mao's Great Famine [with response]|author=Wemheuer, Felix|journal=The China Journal|date=July 2011|issue=66|pages=155–64|jstor=41262812}} on p.163 Frank Dikötter, in his response, quotes Yu Xiguang's figure of 55 million</ref>
||{{nts|25258662}}
||中国
||1958
||1962
|4 years
||During the [[Great Leap Forward]] under [[Mao Zedong]] tens of millions of Chinese starved to death.<ref name="beckerxi">Becker, Jasper (1998). ''Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine'', Holt Paperbacks, pg. xi.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref> State violence during this period further exacerbated the death toll, and some 2.5 million people were beaten or tortured to death in connection with Great Leap policies.<ref>Dikötter, Frank. ''Mao's Great Famine: The History of China's Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958–62'', Walker & Company, 2010. pg. 298.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
|-
||第二次世界大戦による病気と飢饉
||{{nts|19000000}}
||{{nts|28000000}}
||{{nts|23065130}}
||世界全体
||1939
||1945
|6 years
||See also: [[World War II casualties]]
|-
|イギリス統治下のインドにおける飢饉
|12,000,000<ref name="Famine in India during British Rule">{{Cite news2|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/worst-atrocities-british-empire-amritsar-boer-war-concentration-camp-mau-mau-a6821756.html|title=The five worst atrocities carried out by the British Empire will make you wonder why we're apparently proud of it|date=January 19, 2016|work=The Independent|accessdate=September 23, 2017}}</ref>
|51,000,000+<ref name="Famine in India during British Rule" />
|20,500,000
|インド
|1757
|1947
|190 years
|Between 12 and 51 million Indians (or even more) died of starvation while India under British rule ([[East India Company]] and [[British Raj]]). Millions of tonnes of wheat were exported to Britain as famine raged.<ref name="Famine in India during British Rule" />
|-
||[[Indian famine of 1896–97]] and the [[Indian famine of 1899–1900]]
||{{nts|8400000}}<ref name=":0" />
||{{nts|19000000}}<ref>{{Cite journal2|year=1901|title=Notes from India|url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/vol157no4055/PIIS0140-6736(00)X7748-3|journal=The Lancet|volume=157|issue=4055|page=1430|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)88925-X}}</ref>
||{{nts|13700000}}
||[[イギリス領インド帝国]]
||1896
||1900
|4 years
|| [[El Niño Southern Oscillation|ENSO]] famines. See also: [[Late Victorian Holocausts]].
|-
||大日本帝国による飢饉と病気
||{{nts|8136000}}
||{{nts|14936000}}
||{{nts|11023579}}
||大日本帝国
||1937
||1945
|8 years
||Combined death tolls from famine and disease from [[China]], [[Vietnam]], [[Indonesia]], and the [[Philippine]]s.
{{See also|World War II casualties}}
|-
|1876年から79年にかけての中国北部での飢饉||{{nts|9000000}}{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}||{{nts|13000000}}
||{{nts|10816650}}||中国||1876||1879
|3 years||[[El Niño Southern Oscillation|ENSO]] famine.
{{See also|Late Victorian Holocausts}}
|-
|1770年のベンガル地方における飢饉
|{{nts|10000000}}<ref name="Sen">{{Cite book2|author=Amartya Sen|title=Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation|url=https://archive.org/details/povertyfamineses0000sena|url-access=registration|year=1981|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-828463-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/povertyfamineses0000sena/page/39 39]}}</ref>
|{{nts|10000000}}<ref name="Sen" />
|{{nts|10000000}}
|ベンガル管区
|1769
|1773
|4 years
|The famine killed a third of the [[Bengali people|Bengali]] population at the time.<ref name="Jonsson2013p167">{{Cite book2|author=Fredrik Albritton Jonsson|title=Enlightenment's Frontier: The Scottish Highlands and the Origins of Environmentalism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d9FUmajYyqgC&pg=PT167|date=2013|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-16374-2|pages=167–70}}</ref> It is attributed to the policies of the [[Company Raj|ruling]] [[British East India Company]].<ref name="Jonsson2013p167" />
|-
||[[Great Famine of 1876–78]]
||{{nts|6100000}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite book2|title=Famine in Peasant Societies|last=Seavoy|first=Ronald|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=1986|isbn=9780313251306|location=New York}}</ref>
||{{nts|10320000}}<ref>{{Cite book2|url=https://archive.org/details/ProsperousBritishIndiaARevelationWilliamDigby|title='Prosperous' British India|last=Digby|first=William|publisher=T. Fisher Unwin|year=1901|location=London|page=[https://archive.org/details/ProsperousBritishIndiaARevelationWilliamDigby/page/n170 128]|oclc=6671095}}</ref>
||{{nts|8300000}}<ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://necrometrics.com/wars19c.htm#Nino|title=Nineteenth Century Death Tolls|website=necrometrics.com|access-date=November 20, 2016}}</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}
||[[イギリス領インド帝国]]
||1876||1878
|2 years
||[[El Niño Southern Oscillation|ENSO]] famine. See also: [[Late Victorian Holocausts]].
|-
|1921年から22年にかけてのロシアでの飢饉||{{nts|5000000}}<ref name="stanford">"[http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2011/pr-famine-040411.html How the U.S. saved a starving Soviet Russia: PBS film highlights Stanford scholar's research on the 1921–23 famine]", Stanford University. April 4, 2011.</ref>||{{nts|10000000}}<ref name="stanford" />
||{{nts|7071072}}||[[ロシア・ソビエト連邦社会主義共和国|ソビエト・ロシア]]||1921||1922
|1 year|| May have been exacerbated by [[War communism|War Communism]] policies, but it is debatable to which extent.
See also: [[Droughts and famines in Russia and the Soviet Union]], and [[Russian Civil War]], with its policy of [[War communism]], especially [[prodrazvyorstka]].
|-
||日中戦争による飢餓と病気
||{{nts|5000000}}
||{{nts|10000000}}
||{{nts|7071068}}
||[[中国]]
||1937
||1945
|8 years
||See also: [[World War II casualties]].
|-
||第一次世界大戦による飢饉と病気
||{{nts|5411000}}
||{{nts|6100000}}
||{{nts|5745181}}
||世界全体
||1914
||1918
|4 years
||See also: [[World War I casualties]].
|-
||1932年から33年にかけてのソ連での飢饉[[Soviet famine of 1932–33]]
||{{nts|4000000}}
||{{nts|8000000}}<ref>{{Cite book|和書 |title=Stalin (PLOFILES IN POWER) |year=2005 |publisher=Routledge book |page=103 |author=Hiroaki Kuromiya}}</ref>
||{{nts|5656854}}
||[[ソビエト連邦|ソ連]]
||1932
||1933
|1 year
||The majority of famine victims were [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]]. Many nations, including [[ウクライナ|Ukraine]], regard the famine's effect in the [[ウクライナ|Ukraine]] as a [[genocide]] against [[ウクライナ|Ukraine]], known as the [[Holodomor]].

2.0<ref>{{Cite book|和書 |title=世界歴史体系　ロシア史3 |year=1997 |publisher=山川出版社 |pages=p217-227}}</ref> – 6.0<ref>{{Cite journal|author=中井和夫他|date=|title=ポーランド・ウクライナ・バルト史|url=|journal=|volume=|issue=|pages=318－321|doi=|issn=}}</ref> million: Ukraine

1.00<ref name=":15">{{Cite book|和書 |title=悲しみの収穫 |year=2007 |publisher=恵雅堂 |pages=p495-509}}</ref> – 1.45 <ref>{{Cite book|和書 |title=スターリンのジェノサイド |publisher= |pages=82－86 |author=ネイマーク}}</ref>million: Kazakhstan

1<ref name=":15" /> million: North Caucasus
|-
||Famine and disease caused by the [[Second Congo War]]
||{{nts|3800000}}
||{{nts|5400000}}
||{{nts|4529901}}
||[[アフリカ]]
||1998
||2004
|6 years
||Majority of those who died in war perished from famine and disease.
|-
|[[Persian famine of 1917–1919|Iranian famine of 1917–1919]]
|{{nts|2000000}}<ref>Katouzian 2013, p. 1934: "Russian Revolution of 1917 brought much relief to Iran after a century of imperial interference and intimidation. But it was followed by severe famine and the Spanish flu pandemic which, combined, took a high toll of around two million, mostly of the Iranian poor."</ref><ref>Rubin 2015, p. 508: "Despite Iran's official neutrality, this pattern of interference continued during World War I as Ottoman-, Russian-, British-, and German-supported local forces fought across Iran, wreaking enormous havoc on the country. With farmland, crops, livestock, and infrastructure destroyed, as many as 2 million Iranians died of famine at the war's end. Although the Russian Revolution of 1917 led to the recall of Russian troops, and thus gave hope to Iranians that the foreign yoke might be relenting, the British quickly moved to fill the vacuum in the north, and by 1918, had turned the country into an unofficial protectorate."</ref>
|{{nts|10000000}}<ref>[[Persian famine of 1917–1919#CITEREFWinegard2016|Winegard 2016]], p. 85: "Between 1917 and 1919, it is estimated that nearly half (nine to eleven million people) of the Persian population died of starvation or disease brought on by malnutrition."</ref><ref>[[Persian famine of 1917–1919#CITEREFMajd2003|Ma]][[Persian famine of 1917–1919#CITEREFMajd2003|jd 2003]], p. 72: "According to the American Charge d'Affaires, Wallace Smith Murray, this famine had claimed one-third of Iran's population. A famine that even according to British sources as General Dunsterville, Major Donohoe, and General Sykes had claimed vast numbers of Iranians".</ref>
|{{nts|4472136}}
|[[イラン]]
|1917
|1919
|3 years
|The Persian famine of 1917–1919 was a period of widespread mass starvation and disease in [[Iran|Persia (Iran)]]. The famine took place in the [[Persian Campaign|occupied territory]] of Iran that had declared neutrality. According to the estimates acknowledged, 2–10 million people died of hunger and disease. A variety of factors are commented to have caused and contributed to the famine such as war profiteering, and poor harvests but mainly requisitioning and confiscation of foodstuffs by the occupying Russian and British armies.<ref>[[Persian famine of 1917–1919#CITEREFMajd2003|Majd 2003]], p. 40. In the matter of tough custom regulations, Majd mentions incidents of unsuccessful importation of foodstuff recorded by the American embassy. He also refers to a letter by an American official saying "for the last two years practically all the importations have ceased"</ref><ref>[[Persian famine of 1917–1919#CITEREFRubin2015|Rubin 2015]], p. 508: "Despite Iran's official neutrality, this pattern of interference continued during World War I as Ottoman-, Russian-, British-, and German-supported local forces fought across Iran, wreaking enormous havoc on the country. With farmland, crops, livestock, and infrastructure destroyed, as many as 2 million Iranians died of famine at the war's end. Although the Russian Revolution of 1917 led to the recall of Russian troops, and thus gave hope to Iranians that the foreign yoke might be relenting, the British quickly moved to fill the vacuum in the north, and by 1918, had turned the country into an unofficial protectorate."</ref>
|-
||Famine and disease caused by [[Decommunization]]
||{{nts|4000000}}+<ref>{{Cite web2 |last1=Patnaik |first1=Utsa |title=The Republic of Hunger |url=http://www.networkideas.org/featart/apr2004/Republic_Hunger.pdf |accessdate=March 30, 2019}}</ref>
||{{nts|4000000}}+
||{{nts|4000000}}+
||Former States of the [[Soviet Union]] and [[Eastern Bloc]]
||1991
||2000
|9 years
||Deaths caused by decrease in living conditions in [[Russia]] and other former [[Communist]] States after the fall of the [[Soviet Union]].
|-
|[[Bengal famine of 1943]]||{{nts|3000000}}<ref name="greelane">{{Cite web |title=英国は1943年の飢饉でベンガルを飢えさせる |url=https://www.greelane.com/ja/%E6%96%87%E7%B3%BB/%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E3%81%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96/the-bengal-famine-of-1943-195073 |website=英国は1943年の飢饉でベンガルを飢えさせる |date=2019-11-05 |access-date=2024-08-03 |language=ja}}</ref>||{{nts|4000000}}{{R|greelane}}
||{{nts|3464100}}||[[イギリス領インド帝国]]||1943||1944
|1 year|| The [[Japanese conquest of Burma]] cut off India's main supply of [[rice]] imports,<ref>[[Nicholas Tarling]] (ed.) ''The Cambridge History of SouthEast Asia'' Vol.II Part 1 pp. 139–40</ref> however, war-related administrative policies in British India ultimately helped to cause the massive death toll.<ref name=":6">[[Madhusree Mukerjee]], ''Churchill's Secret War: The British Empire and the Ravaging of India During World War II''.</ref><ref name=":7">[http://southasiarev.wordpress.com/2011/04/12/book-review-churchills-secret-war-in-india Book review: Churchill's secret war in India], southasiarev.wordpress.com, April 12, 2011.</ref>
|-
|Famine and diseased caused by the [[Nigerian Civil War#Reckoning and legacy|Biafran Blockade during Nigeria's Civil War]]||{{nts|2000000}}<ref>Stevenson, "Capitol Gains" (2014), p. 314.</ref>||{{nts|3000000}}<ref name="ThreeMil">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.enotes.com/genocide-encyclopedia/biafra-nigeria|publisher=eNotes.com|title=Biafra/Nigeria|accessdate=August 30, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web2|title=Nigerian Civil War|url=http://www.war-memorial.net/Nigerian-Civil-War--3.140|work=Polynational War Memorial|accessdate=January 4, 2014}}</ref>
||{{nts|2449490}}||[[ナイジェリア]]||1967||1970
|3 years||More than two million [[Igbo people|Igbo]] died from the famine imposed deliberately through blockades during the war. Lack of medicine also contributed. Thousands starved to death daily as the war progressed.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
|Famine and disease during the [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies]]||{{nts|2400000}}<ref name="mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de">Van der Eng, Pierre (2008) [http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8852 "Food Supply in Java during War and Decolonisation, 1940–1950"], ''MPRA Paper No. 8852'', pp. 35–38. /</ref>||{{nts|2400000}}
||{{nts|2400000}} ||[[インドネシア]]||1944||1945
|1 year|| An estimated 2.4 million Indonesians starved to death during the Japanese occupation of Indonesia. The problem was partly caused by failures of the main 1944–45 rice crop, but the main cause was the compulsory rice purchasing system that the Japanese authorities put in place to secure rice for distribution to the armed forces and urban population.<ref name="mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de" />
|-
||[[Soviet famine of 1946–47]]
||{{nts|1000000}}
||{{nts|1500000}}
||{{nts|1224745}}
||[[ソビエト連邦|ソ連]]
||1946
||1947
|1 year
||Debated as to whether it was caused by war or government policy.
|-
|[[苦難の行軍]]||{{nts|240000}}<ref name="Spoorenberg, Thomas pp. 133–158">{{Cite journal2 |last1=Spoorenberg |first1=Thomas |last2=Schwekendiek |first2=Daniel |year=2012 |title=Demographic Changes in North Korea: 1993–2008 |journal=Population and Development Review |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=133–158 |doi=10.1111/j.1728-4457.2012.00475.x}}</ref>||5,000,000<ref name=":77">{{Cite book |title=Rogue Regime: Kim Jong Il and the Looming Threat of North Korea |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=UpZWfYqiVLMC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&ots=F87IWGlpya&sig=aHKcWtTC8Gp59N1NbBpKsIGImUE |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2005-05-01 |isbn=978-0-19-803810-8 |language=en |first=Jasper |last=Becker}}</ref>
||1,090,000||[[朝鮮民主主義人民共和国|北朝鮮]]||1994||1998
|4 years|| The famine stemmed from a variety of factors. Economic mismanagement and the [[North Korea–Russia relations#1985–1991|loss of Soviet support]] caused food production and imports to decline rapidly. A series of floods and droughts exacerbated the crisis, but were not its direct cause. The [[Politics of North Korea|North Korean government]] and [[Economy of North Korea|its centrally-planned system]] proved too inflexible to effectively curtail the disaster. Recent research suggests the likely number of excess deaths between 1993 and 2000 was about 330,000.<ref name="Spoorenberg, Thomas pp. 133–158" /><ref name="goodkind-2011">{{Cite journal2|url=http://paa2011.princeton.edu/papers/111030|title=A Reassessment of Mortality in North Korea, 1993–2008|author1=Daniel Goodkind|author2=Loraine West|author3=Peter Johnson|journal=U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division|date=March 28, 2011|accessdate=November 8, 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[ジャガイモ飢饉]] ||{{nts|750000}}<ref>Foster, R.F. ''Modern Ireland 1600–1972'', Penguin Press, 1988. pg. 324. Foster's footnote reads: "Based on hitherto unpublished work by C. Ó Gráda and Phelim Hughes, 'Fertility trends, excess mortality and the Great Irish Famine'...Also see C.Ó Gráda and Joel Mokyr, 'New developments in Irish Population History 1700–1850', Economic History Review, vol. xxxvii, no. 4 (November 1984), pp. 473–88."</ref><ref>Joseph Lee, The Modernisation of Irish Society pg. 1. Lee says 'at least 800,000'.</ref>||{{nts|1500000}}<ref>Vaughan, W.E. and Fitzpatrick, A.J.(eds). Irish Historical Statistics, Population, 1821/1971. Royal Irish Academy, 1978.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
||{{nts|1060660}}||[[アイルランド]]||1846||1849
|3 years|| Although blight ravaged [[potato]] crops throughout Europe during the 1840s, the impact and human cost in Ireland, where a third of the population was significantly dependent on the [[Irish Lumper]] potato for food, was exacerbated by a host of political, social and economic factors, which continue to remain the subject of historical debate.<ref>{{Cite book2|author=Cecil Woodham-Smith|title=The great hunger: Ireland 1845–1849|year=1991|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-014515-1|page=19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book2|author=Christine Kinealy|title=This Great Calamity: The Irish Famine, 1845–52|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7171-4011-4}}</ref>
|-
|[[Vietnamese Famine of 1945]]||{{nts|400000}}<ref>Charles Hirschman et al. [http://www.soc.washington.edu/users/brines/vietcasualties.pdf "Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620194237/http://www.soc.washington.edu/users/brines/vietcasualties.pdf|date=June 20, 2010}}. ''Population and Development Review'' (December 1995).</ref>||{{nts|2000000}}<ref name="indochina">{{Cite news2|first=David|last=Koh|url=http://mailman.anu.edu.au/pipermail/hepr-vn/2008-August/000188.html|date=August 21, 2008|title=Vietnam needs to remember famine of 1945|work=The Straits Times|location=Singapore|accessdate=January 25, 2010}}</ref>
||{{nts|894427}}||[[ベトナム]]||1944||1945
|1 year|| The [[Japanese occupation of Vietnam|Japanese occupation]] during World War II caused the famine in North Vietnam.<ref name="indochina" />
|-
|[[Khmer Rouge rule of Cambodia#Economy|Cambodian Holocaust Famine]]||{{nts|800000}}<ref>Bruce Sharp (2008), [http://www.mekong.net/cambodia/deaths.htm Counting Hell] 2.Ben Kiernan, paragraph 3. Mekong.</ref>||{{nts|950000}}<ref>Marek Sliwiński (1995), ''Le Génocide Khmer Rouge: Une Analyse Démographique'', L'Harmattan, pg. 82.</ref>
||{{nts|871780}}||[[カンボジア]]||1975||1979
|4 years||An estimated 2 million Cambodians lost their lives to murder, forced labor, and famine, perpetrated by the [[Khmer Rouge]], nearly half of which was caused by forced starvation. Came to an end due to invasion by Vietnam in 1979.
|-
|[[1983–85 famine in Ethiopia]]||{{nts|400000}}<ref name="famines">{{Cite book2|ref={{SfnRef|de Waal|2002}}|last=de Waal|first=Alex|year=2002|origyear=1997|title=Famine Crimes: Politics & the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa|location=Oxford|publisher=James Currey|isbn=0-85255-810-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IwZ1Xb-w45oC}}</ref>||{{nts|1000000}}<ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/703958.stm Flashback 1984: Portrait of a famine]", BBC News, April 6, 2000.</ref>
||{{nts|632456}}||[[エチオピア]]||1983||1985
|2 years|| The [[Famines in Ethiopia|famines that struck Ethiopia]] between 1961 and 1985, especially the one of 1983–1985, were in large part created by government policies.<ref name="famines" />
|-
||Famine and disease during the [[Japanese occupation of the Philippines]]
||{{nts|336000}}
||{{nts|336000}}
||{{nts|336000}}
||[[フィリピン]]
||1942
||1945
|3 years
||See also: [[World War I casualties]].
|-
||[[Cuban War of Independence|Cuban War of Independence Famine]]
||{{nts|300000}}
||{{nts|300000}}<ref>Sheina, Robert L., ''Latin America's Wars: The Age of the Caudillo, 1791–1899'' (2003)</ref><ref>''COWP: Correlates of War Project'', University of Michigan.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
||{{nts|300000}}
||[[キューバ]]
||1895
||1898
|3 years
||Most of dead in this war perished from famine and disease.
|-
||[[Great Famine of Mount Lebanon]]
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||[[レバノン山脈]]、[[オスマン帝国]]
||1915
||1918
|3 years
||Around 200,000 people starved to death at a time when the population of Mount Lebanon was estimated at 400,000.<ref>Harris 2012, p.174</ref> The Mount Lebanon famine caused the highest fatality rate by population of World War I. Bodies were piled in the streets, and people were reported to be eating street animals, while some resorted to cannibalism.<!--ref name=BBC /--><ref name=TN>{{Cite news2|last1=Ghazal|first1=Rym|title=Lebanon's dark days of hunger: The Great Famine of 1915–18|url=http://www.thenational.ae/world/middle-east/lebanons-dark-days-of-hunger-the-great-famine-of-1915-18|accessdate=January 24, 2016|publisher=The National|date=April 14, 2015}}</ref>
|-
|[[1998 Sudan famine]]||{{nts|70000}}<ref>{{Cite book2|last=Ó Gráda|first=Cormac|year=2009|title=Famine: a short history|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|page=24|isbn=978-0-691-12237-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LoN2XkjJio4C&pg=PA24}}</ref>||{{nts|70000}}
||{{nts|70000}}||[[スーダン]]||1998||1998
|?|| The famine was caused almost entirely by human rights abuse and [[Second Sudanese Civil War|the war]] in Southern Sudan.<ref name="CNN despite">[http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/africa/9807/31/sudan.famine "Despite aid effort, Sudan famine squeezing life from dozens daily"], CNN. Retrieveded May 25, 2006.</ref>
|-
|[[Famine in Yemen (2016–present)]]||{{nts|50000}} children<ref name="FamYemBBC">{{Cite news2 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=October 24, 2018 |title=Yemen crisis: Half of population facing 'pre-famine conditions'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-45964795|work=BBC |location= |accessdate=October 28, 2018}}</ref>||{{nts|50000}} children<ref name="FamYemBBC" />||{{nts|50000}} children<ref name="FamYemBBC" />||[[イエメン]]||2016||present
|2 years|| The famine was triggered by [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen|Saudi Arabia's intervention]] into the [[Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)|Yemeni Civil War]], which is backed by Western powers including the [[アメリカ合衆国|United States]].<ref>{{Cite news2 |last= Kristof|first=Nicholas|date=September 26, 2018|title=Be Outraged by America's Role in Yemen's Misery|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/26/opinion/yemen-united-states-united-nations.html|work=[[The New York Times]] |location= |access-date=October 28, 2018}}</ref> Around 13 million people, or roughly half of the country's population, is facing starvation in what the UN calls "the worst famine in the world in 100 years".<ref>{{Cite news2|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=October 15, 2018 |title=Yemen could be 'worst famine in 100 years'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-middle-east-45857729/yemen-could-be-worst-famine-in-100-years|work=BBC |location= |access-date=October 28, 2018}}</ref>
|}

== 洪水・地すべり ==
{{Main|洪水|5=地すべり}}
[[ダム]]、[[堤防]]、[[防潮堤]]、[[擁壁]]の故障など、人間によって部分的に引き起こされた[[洪水]]や[[地すべり]]を載せる。{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}

{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:100%;"
|-
! style="width:40%;" | 出来事
! style="width:22%;" | 低い推定
! style="width:18%;" | 高い推定
! style="width:15%;" | 相乗平均<ref name="Pinto 2014 173–180" />
!場所
!開始
!終了
!期間
!備考
|-
|[[1931年中国大洪水]]||{{ntsh|2500000}}2,500,000<ref name=":69">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.nbc10.com/news/4030540/detail.html|title=Worst Natural Disasters In History|work=Nbc10.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421043514/http://www.nbc10.com/news/4030540/detail.html|archivedate=April 21, 2008 |url-status=dead|accessdate=August 11, 2010}}</ref>
|3,700,000<ref name=":69" />
|3,041,381
|[[中華人民共和国|中国]]
|{{nts|1931|format=no}}
|{{nts|1931|format=no}}
|?
|
|-
|[[1887年黄河洪水]]||{{ntsh|900000}}900,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
|2,000,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
|1,341,641
|[[中華人民共和国|中国]]
|{{nts|1887|format=no}}
|{{nts|1887|format=no}}
|?
|
|-
|[[黄河決壊事件]]||{{ntsh|500000}}300,000<ref>朱蕾 (2015-10-27). "資料解密：黃河花園口決堤 阻敵南下". ''World Journal''. Whitestone, NY. Archived from the original on 2018-08-18 – via United Daily News.</ref><ref>李怡芸 (2015-09-30). "重探抗戰史 黃河決堤有效禦敵". ''旺報''. Taipei: China Times Group.</ref>
|893,303<ref>汤其成; 李秀云; Institute of Geographic Sciences, China Academy of Sciences (1995). "水圈中的自然灾害". In 王劲峰 (ed.). ''中国自然灾害区划——灾害区划、影响评价、减灾对策''. Beijing: 中国科学技术出版社. p. 41.</ref>
|517,678
|[[中華人民共和国|中国]]
|{{nts|1938|format=no}}
|{{nts|1938|format=no}}
|?
|
|-
||[[ボートピープル|ベトナムからのボートピープル]]
||{{ntsh|380000}}200,000<ref name="Statistics of Vietnamese Democide" /><ref name="The Associated Press of 1979">The Associated Press of 1979</ref>
||560,000<ref name="Statistics of Vietnamese Democide" /><ref name="The Associated Press of 1979" />
||334,664
|[[タイランド湾|タイ湾]]および[[太平洋]]
|1978
|1979
|1年
|
|-
|[[:en:1935_Yangtze_flood|1935年長江洪水]]||{{ntsh|145000}}145,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
||{{ntsh|145000}}145,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
||145,000
|[[中華人民共和国|中国]]
|{{nts|1935|format=no}}
|{{nts|1935|format=no}}
|?
|
|-
|[[:en:St._Felix's_flood|聖フェリクスの洪水]]||100,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}||100,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}||100,000
|[[オランダ]]
|{{nts|1530|format=no}}
|{{nts|1530|format=no}}
|?
|
|-
|紅河デルタ洪水||{{ntsh|100000}}100,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
||{{ntsh|100000}}100,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
||100,000
|[[ベトナム民主共和国|北ベトナム]]
|{{nts|1971|format=no}}
|{{nts|1971|format=no}}
|?
|
|-
|[[:en:1935_Yangtze_flood|1911年長江洪水]]||{{ntsh|100000}}100,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
||{{ntsh|100000}}100,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
||100,000
|[[China|中国]]
|{{nts|1911|format=no}}
|{{nts|1911|format=no}}
|?
|
|-
| [[板橋ダム決壊事故]]||{{ntsh|26000}}26,000<ref>{{Cite book2|url=https://books.google.com/?id=R9w2RfP-mtQC&pg=PA36|title=The River Dragon Has Come!: The Three Gorges Dam and the Fate of China's Yangtze River and Its People|author=Dai Qing|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=1998|isbn=978-0-7656-0206-0|page=36}}</ref>
|230,000<ref>230,000 is the highest of a range of unofficial estimates, including also deaths of ensuing epidemics and famine, in {{harvnb|Yi|1998}}</ref>
|77,330
|[[China|中国]]
|{{ntsh|1975.67}}1975年8月
|{{ntsh|1975.67}}1975年8月
|?
|
|-
|[[:en:St._Lucia's_flood|聖ルチア祭の洪水]]||{{ntsh|50000}}50,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
|80,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
|63,246
|[[オランダ|オランダ、]][[イングランド王国|イングランド]]
|{{nts|1287|format=no}}
|{{nts|1287|format=no}}
|?
|
|-
|[[:en:Vargas_tragedy|バルガスの悲劇]]||{{ntsh|10000}}10,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
|50,000{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
|22,361
|[[ベネズエラ]]
|1999年12月14日
|1999年12月16日
|3日
|
|-
|[[北海大洪水]]||
{{ntsh|2400}}2,400{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
||{{ntsh|2400}}2,400{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
||2,400
|[[オランダ|オランダ、]][[イングランド]]、 [[スコットランド]]、[[ベルギー]]
|{{ntsh|1953.85}}1953年1月31日
|{{ntsh|1953.85}}1953年1月31日
|1日
|
|-
|[[ジョンズタウン洪水]]||{{ntsh|2209}}2,209{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
||{{ntsh|2209}}2,209{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
||2,209
|[[アメリカ合衆国|アメリカ]]
|[[1889年]][[5月31日]]
|[[1889年]][[5月31日]]
|1日
|
|}

== 人身御供・自殺 ==
[[人身御供]]や[[自殺]]の実行による死亡について一覧を載せる。 {{Expand list|date=August 2008}}

{| class="sortable wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|- style="background:#CCCC;"
! style="width:7%;" | 出来事
! data-sort-type="number" | 低い推定!! style="width:7%;" data-sort-type="number" | 高い推定
! data-sort-type="number" | '''相乗平均'''<ref name="Pinto 2014 173–180" />!! style="width:5%;" | 場所 !! style="width:5%;" | 開始 !! style="width:5%;" data-sort-="" type="number" | 終了
!期間!! style="width:50%;" data-sort-="" type="number" | 備考
|-
|[[Human sacrifice in Aztec culture|アステカ文化における人身御供]]||{{nts|20000}}<ref>{{Cite book2|title=Rivers of Blood, Rivers of Gold|last1=Cocker|first1=Mark|date=1998}}</ref>||{{nts|5000000}}<ref>{{Cite book2|title=History of the Conquest of Mexico|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.152862|last1=Prescott|first1=William|date=1843}}</ref>
||{{nts|316228}}|| [[メキシコ]]||{{ntsh|1301}}14世紀 ||{{nts|1521|format=no}}
|200年||[[Tzompantli#Aztec|Skull racks]]: 60,000<ref>Ruben Mendoza (2007) pp. 407–08.</ref> to 136,000<ref>Harner (1977) p. 122</ref> See also: [[Aztecs]]
|-
| 中国の[[Shang dynasty|商王朝]]における人身御供 ||{{nts|13000}}<ref>''National Geographic'', July 2003, cited by [http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#Shang White]</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}||{{nts|13000}}
||{{nts|13000}}|| [[中国]]||{{ntsh|-1300}}1300 BC ||{{ntsh|-1050}}1050 BC
|250年|| Last 250 years of rule
|-
|[[List of bombings during the Iraq War|イラク戦争中の自爆テロ]]
|{{nts|12284}}
|{{nts|18000}}+<ref>{{Cite journal2|last1=Hicks|first1=Madelyn Hsiao-Rei|last2=Dardagan|first2=Hamit|last3=Bagnall|first3=Peter M|last4=Spagat|first4=Michael|last5=Sloboda|first5=John A|date=September 3, 2011|title=Casualties in civilians and coalition soldiers from suicide bombings in Iraq, 2003–10: a descriptive study|url=http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2811%2961023-4/fulltext|journal=The Lancet|volume=378|issue=9794|pages=906–14|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61023-4|pmid=21890055|access-date=}}</ref>
|{{nts|12284}}
|[[イラク]]
|{{nts|2003|format=no}}
|{{nts|2019|format=no}}
|進行中
|See also: [[Iraqi insurgency (2003–11)]] and [[Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017)]]
|-
|[[サティー (ヒンドゥー教)|サティ]]儀式による焼身自殺 ||{{nts|7941}}<ref name="White-SelectedDeathTolls">Sakuntala Narasimhan, ''Sati: widow burning in India'', quoted by Matthew White, [http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstatv.htm "Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres and Atrocities Before the 20th Century", pg. 2] (July 2005), ''Historical Atlas of the 20th Century'' (self-published, 1998–2005).</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}||{{nts|7941}}
|{{nts|7941}}||[[インド]]||{{nts|1815|format=no}}||{{nts|1828|format=no}}
|13年||
|-
| [[マサダ]]での集団自殺||{{nts|967}}{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}||{{nts|967}}
|{{nts|967}}||[[マサダ]]||{{ntsh|73.22}} Spring 73 CE ||{{ntsh|73.22}} Spring 73 CE
|?||
|-
|ジョーンズタウン
|{{nts|909}}
|{{nts|909}}
|{{nts|909}}
|
|
|
|
|[[Jim Jones#Visit by Congressman Ryan and mass suicide at Jonestown|Jim Jones]]
|-
|[[Palestinian suicide attacks|パレスチナの自爆攻撃]]
|{{nts|804}}
|{{nts|804}}
|{{nts|804}}
|[[イスラエル]]および
[[パレスチナ]]
|{{ntsh|1989.51}}7月 6, 1989
|{{ntsh|2016.29}}4月 18, 2016
|27年
|May only include victims
{{See also|Palestinian political violence}}
|}

==暴動==
{{Main|暴動}}
100人以上が死亡した暴動や事件について載せる。{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:97%;"
|-
! class="unsortable" | 出来事
! 死者数
! 国
! 地域
! 年
|-
| [[インド・パキスタン分離独立]]
| {{ntsh|2000000}}200,000–2,000,000
||[[イギリス領インド帝国|英領インド]]|| [[パンジャーブ]]、[[ベンガル地方]] ||{{nts|1947|format=no}}
|-
| ラ・ビオレンシア
| {{ntsh|300000}}200,000–300,000
||[[コロンビア]]|| 国全体 ||{{nts|1948|format=no}}–1960
|-
| [[1959年のチベット蜂起]]
| {{ntsh|87000}}85,000–87,000
||[[チベット]] || [[ラサ]] ||{{nts|1959|format=no}}
|-
| [[ニカの乱]]
| {{nts|30000}} || [[東ローマ帝国]] || [[コンスタンティノープル]] ||{{ntsh|0532|format=no}}532
|-
| [[パリ・コミューン]]
| {{ntsh|20000}}6,667–20,000
||[[フランス]] || [[パリ]] ||{{nts|1871|format=no}}
|-
| [[二・二八事件]]
| {{ntsh|30000}}10,000–30,000
||[[中国]] || [[台湾]] ||{{nts|1947|format=no}}
|-
| [[済州島四・三事件]]
| {{ntsh|30000}}14,000–30,000
||Southern Korea, present-day South Korea || [[済州島]] ||{{nts|1948|format=no}}
|-
| [[August Uprising]]
| {{ntsh|15500}}13,000–15,500
||[[ソビエト連邦|ソ連]] || [[ジョージア (国)|ジョージア]] ||{{nts|1924|format=no}}
|-
| エルサルバドル農民蜂起 (1932年)
| {{ntsh|40000}}10,000–40,000
||[[エルサルバドル]] ||  || {{nts|1932|format=no}}
|-
| [[1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt|Romanian Peasants' Revolt]]
| {{ntsh|20000}}10,000–20,000
||[[ルーマニア]] ||  || {{nts|1907|format=no}}<!--Is this a riot || or is it a rebellion?-->
|-
| [[クロンシュタットの反乱]]
| {{nts|10000}} || ロシア || [[クロンシュタット]] ||{{nts|1921|format=no}}
|-
| [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]]
| {{ntsh|8000}}2,800–8,000
||[[インド]] || [[ニューデリー]] ||{{nts|1984|format=no}}
|-
| [[三・一運動]]
| {{nts|7500}} || [[日本統治時代の朝鮮]] || [[ソウル特別市|ソウル]] ||{{nts|1919|format=no}}
|-
|第2次インティファー
|{{ntsh|4354}}4,179–4,354
|[[イスラエル]]/[[パレスチナ]]
|
|{{nts|2000|format=no}}–2005
|-
| [[Pitchfork Uprising]]
| {{nts|3800}} || ロシア ||  || {{nts|1920|format=no}}
|-
| [[イラン革命]]<ref name=autogenerated2>{{Cite web2|url=http://www.emadbaghi.com/en/archives/000592.php#more|title=Emad Baghi : English|website=emadbaghi.com|accessdate=August 2, 2018|format=no}}</ref>
| {{nts|2781}}|| [[イラン]] ||  || {{nts|1979|format=no}}
|-
| [[8888民主化運動]]
|{{ntsh|10000}}3,000–10,000
||[[ミャンマー|ビルマ/ミャンマー]] ||  || {{nts|1987|format=no}}–1993
|-
|[[第1次インティファーダ]]
|{{nts|2204}}
|[[イスラエル]]/[[パレスチナ]]
|
|{{nts|1987|format=no}}
|-
| バナナの虐殺
| {{ntsh|2000}}47–2,000
||[[コロンビア]] ||[[Ciénaga, Magdalena|Ciénaga]]|| {{nts|1928|format=no}}
|-
| [[Santa María School massacre]]
| {{nts|2300}} || [[チリ]] || [[イキケ]] ||{{nts|1907|format=no}}
|-
|アッサム運動
|{{nts|2191}}+
|[[インド]]
|[[アッサム州|アッサム]]
|{{nts|1979|format=no}}–1985
|-
|1994年の南アフリカの政権交代での暴力
|{{nts|1652}}<ref>{{Cite book2|url=https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/Freedom_in_the_World_1994-1995_complete_book.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005191135/https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/Freedom_in_the_World_1994-1995_complete_book.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 5, 2018 |quote=During the first four months of 1994, the Human Rights Committee of South Africa reported that politically motivated killings occurred at a rate of nearly fourteen deaths per day.|access-date=October 5, 2018|page=521|publisher=Freedom House|location=New York|date=1995|title=Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights & Civil Liberties, 1994–1995|first1=Adrian|last1=Karatnycky|first2=Kathleen|last2=Cavanaugh|first3=James|last3=Finn|first4=Charles|last4=Graybow|first5=Douglas W.|last5=Payne|first6=Joseph E.|last6=Ryan|first7=Leonard R.|last7=Sussman|first8=George|last8=Zarycky|first9=James|last9=Finn}}</ref>||[[南アフリカ共和国]]|| ||{{nts|1994|format=no}}
|-
| [[ルーマニア革命 (1989年)]]
|{{nts|1104}} || [[ルーマニア]] || [[ブカレスト]]などの主要都市 ||{{nts|1989|format=no}}
|-
|2009年の[[ボコ・ハラム]]の蜂起
|{{nts|1000}}+||[[ナイジェリア]]||バウチ州、ボルノ州、ヨベ州、カノ州||{{nts|2009|format=no}}
|-
| ジャカルタ暴動 (1998年)
|{{ntsh|1200}}1,000–1,200
||[[インドネシア]] || [[ジャカルタ]]、[[メダン]]、[[スラカルタ]] ||{{nts|1998|format=no}}
|-
|[[ケニア危機 (2007年-2008年)]]
|{{nts|1000}}<ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://forums.ssrc.org:80/african-futures/2012/09/05/african-lysistrata-togo/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923112950/http://forums.ssrc.org/african-futures/2012/09/05/african-lysistrata-togo/|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 23, 2012 |title=An African Lysistrata in Togo – African Futures|date=September 23, 2012|accessdate=December 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news2|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/06/world/africa/06kenya.html|access-date=2018-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005180448/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/06/world/africa/06kenya.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 5, 2018|title=Death Toll in Kenya Exceeds 1,000, but Talks Reach Crucial Phase – The New York Times|date=October 5, 2018}}</ref>||[[ケニア]]||  ||{{nts|2008|format=no}}
|-
|2005年トーゴ民主化運動
|{{ntsh|1000}}500–1,000<ref>{{Cite news2 |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/africa/500-killed-in-togo-electoral-violence-un-254481 |title=500 killed in Togo electoral violence – UN |work=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]] |agency=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] |date=September 26, 2005 |accessdate=December 29, 2017}}</ref><ref>August 29, 2005. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). "Conclusions."[http://www.ohchr.org/english/docs/rapporttogo.pdf "La mission d'établissement des faits chargée de faire la lumière sur les violences et les allégations de violations des droits de l'homme survenues au Togo avant, pendant et après l'élection présidentielle du 24 avril 2005"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051217024818/http://www.ohchr.org/english/docs/rapporttogo.pdf |date=December 17, 2005}}</ref>
||[[トーゴ]]|| ||{{nts|2005|format=no}}
|-
|1989年のバーガルプル暴動
|{{nts|1000}}
|[[インド]]
|[[バーガルプル]]
|{{nts|1989|format=no}}
|-
| [[血の日曜日事件 (1905年)]]
|{{ntsh|4000}}132–4,000
||[[ロシア帝国|ロシア]] || [[サンクトペテルブルク]] ||{{nts|1905|format=no}}
|-
|2010年南キルギス暴動
|{{nts|893}}
|[[キルギス]]
|
|{{nts|2010|format=no}}
|-
| イラン人巡礼者の暴動
| {{nts|400}} || [[サウジアラビア]] || [[メッカ]] ||{{nts|1987|format=no}}
|-
| [[アムリットサル事件]]
|{{ntsh|1526}}379–1,526
||[[イギリス領インド帝国|英領インド]] || [[アムリトサル]] ||{{nts|1919|format=no}}
|-
| テランガーナ運動
| {{nts|360}}+|| [[インド]] || [[ハイデラバード (インド)|ハイデラバード]] ||{{nts|1969|format=no}}
|-
|[[ジャスミン革命]]
|{{nts|338}}
|[[チュニジア]]
|
|{{nts|2010|format=no}}–2011
|-
| [[六四天安門事件]]
|{{ntsh|1454}}300–10,454
||中国||北京||{{nts|1989|format=no}}
|-
|[[Kengir uprising]]
|{{nts|700}}
||ソビエト連邦||カザフスタン||{{nts|1954|format=no}}
|-
|2018年ニカラグア抗議デモ
|{{nts|317}}<ref>{{Cite web2|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/death-toll-nicaragua-protests-317-oas/4511928.html|title=Death Toll in Nicaraguan Protests Hits 317, OAS Says}}</ref>||ニカラグア|| ||{{nts|2018|format=no}}
|-
| ゴードン暴動
| {{nts|285}} || イギリス||  || {{nts|1780|format=no}}
|-
| [[嘆きの壁事件]]
| {{nts|249}} || [[イギリス委任統治領パレスチナ]] ||  || {{nts|1929|format=no}}
|-
|[[2019年スーダンクーデター]]
|{{nts|229}}+<ref>{{Cite web2|url=https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/sudan-protest-death-toll-hits-90-doctors-committee-20190506|title=Sudan protest death toll hits 90: doctors committee|date=May 6, 2019 |website=News24|language=en|accessdate=August 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news2|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/04/world/africa/sudan-power-sharing-deal.html|title=Sudan Power-Sharing Deal Reached by Military and Civilian Leaders|last=Walsh|first=Declan|date=July 4, 2019 |work=The New York Times|accessdate=August 12, 2019 |language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web2|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/07/sudan-death-toll-climbs-10-anti-military-rallies-190701093026658.html|title=Sudan protests: Death toll reaches 11 after anti-military rallies|website=www.aljazeera.com|accessdate=August 12, 2019}}</ref>||スーダン|| ||{{nts|2018|format=no}}–2019
|-
|[[2017 Military Police of Espírito Santo strike|Military Police of Espírito Santo strike]]
|{{nts|215}}||ブラジル||[[エスピリトサント州]]||{{nts|2017|format=no}}
|-
| [[2009年ウイグル騒乱]]
| {{nts|197}}+ || 中国 || [[新疆ウイグル自治区]] ||{{nts|2009|format=no}}
|-
| [[5月13日事件]]
| {{nts|196}} || [[マレーシア]] || [[クアラルンプール]] ||{{nts|1969|format=no}}
|-
| [[アンディジャン事件]]
| {{ntsh|1500}}187–1,500
||[[ウズベキスタン]] || [[アンディジャン]] ||{{nts|2005|format=no}}
|-
| 2017年ベネズエラ抗議運動
| {{nts|165}} || [[ベネズエラ]] ||  ||{{nts|2017|format=no}}
|-
|2009年ギニア抗議運動
|{{nts|157}} || [[ギニア]] ||[[コナクリ]]||{{nts|2009|format=no}}
|-
| [[光州事件]]
| {{ntsh|2000}}144–2,000
||[[大韓民国|韓国]] || [[光州広域市|光州]] ||{{nts|1980|format=no}}
|-
| ダーバン暴動
|{{nts|142}} || 南アフリカ共和国||[[ダーバン]] ||{{nts|1949|format=no}}
|-
|2017年ブラジルの刑務所での暴動
|{{nts|140}}+||ブラジル|| ||{{nts|2017|format=no}}
|-
|[[ムハンマド風刺漫画掲載問題|ムハンマドの漫画に対する暴動]]
|{{nts|139}}<ref>{{Cite web2|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/30/muhammadcartoons.lukeharding|title=How one of the biggest rows of modern times helped Danish exports to prosper|first=Luke|last=Harding|date=September 29, 2006|website=the Guardian}}</ref> || ナイジェリア、リビア、パキスタン、アフガニスタン ||  || {{nts|2006|format=no}}
|-
| ハルツームの虐殺
|{{ntsh|128}} 128
||スーダン||[[ハルツーム]]||{{nts|2019|format=no}}
|-
|タナ川地方での衝突
|{{ntsh|118}} 118
||ケニア||[[タナ川 (カウンティ)|タナ川地方]]||{{nts|2012|format=no}}–2013
|-
|カランジル虐殺事件
|{{nts|111}}
|ブラジル
|[[サンパウロ]]
|{{nts|1992|format=no}}
|-
| [[ユーロマイダン]]
|{{ntsh|797}}121–797
||ウクライナ||[[キーウ]]||{{nts|2014|format=no}}
|-
| [[ニューヨーク徴兵暴動]]
|{{ntsh|120}}119–120
||[[アメリカ合衆国]] || [[ニューヨーク]] ||{{nts|1863|format=no}}
|-
| [[ヴァンデミエールの反乱]]
|{{nts|100}}|| フランス || パリ ||{{nts|1795|format=no}}
|}

== 刑務所・強制収容所における死者数一覧 ==
このセクションでは、特定の[[刑務所]]、[[強制収容所]]または[[絶滅収容所]]で発生した死者数をまとめる。ここでの死者数は、収容所内の条件と囚人による殺人や処刑またはその両方によるものを示す。{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|- style="background:#CCCC;"
! style="width:7%;" | 発生した場所
! data-sort-type="number" | 低い推定!! style="width:7%;" data-sort-type="number" | 高い指定
! data-sort-type="number" | 相乗平均<ref name="Pinto 2014 173–180" />!! style="width:5%;" | 場所 !! style="width:5%;" | 開始 !! style="width:5%;" data-sort-="" type="number" | 終了
!期間!! style="width:50%;" data-sort-="" type="number" | 参考
|-
|[[アウシュヴィッツ強制収容所]]
|{{nts|800000}}
|{{nts|1500000}}
|{{nts|1095445}}
|[[Oświęcim]], [[Poland]]
|1940
|1945
|5年
|<ref>Wellers, Georges. "Essai de determination du nombre de morts au camp d'Auschwitz (attempt to determine the number of dead at the Auschwitz camp)", ''Le Monde Juif'', Oct–Dec 1983, pp. 127–59.</ref><ref>Brian Harmon, John Drobnicki, [http://www.vex.net/~nizkor/features/denial-of-science/appendix-2-01.html Historical sources and the Auschwitz death toll estimates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309082208/http://www.vex.net/~nizkor/features/denial-of-science/appendix-2-01.html |date=March 9, 2012 }}, vex.net. Retrieved August 2, 2018.</ref>
|-
|[[トレブリンカ強制収容所]]
|{{nts|700000}}
|{{nts|1000000}}
|{{nts|836660}}
|[[Treblinka]], [[Poland]]
|1942
|1943
|1年
|<ref name="nizkor.org">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.nizkor.org/faqs/reinhard/reinhard-faq-13.html|title=Operation Reinhard: Treblinka Deportations|work=Nizkor.org|accessdate=August 23, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923030356/http://www.nizkor.org/faqs/reinhard/reinhard-faq-13.html|archive-date=September 23, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ea">Encyclopedia Americana</ref>
|-
|[[ベウジェツ強制収容所]]
|{{nts|480000}}
|{{nts|600000}}
|{{nts|536656}}
|[[Bełżec, Lublin Voivodeship|Bełżec]], [[Poland]]
|1942
|1943
|1年
|<ref name="witte-tyas">Peter Witte and Stephen Tyas, ''A New Document on the Deportation and Murder of Jews during "Einsatz Reinhardt" 1942'', [[Holocaust and Genocide Studies]], vol 15, No. 3, Winter 2001; {{ISBN2|0-19-922506-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book2|title=The Destruction of the European Jews: Third Edition|author=Raul Hilberg|year=2003|isbn=978-0-300-09557-9}}</ref><ref name="arad">Yitzhak Arad, ''Bełżec, Sobibor, Treblinka. The Operation Reinhard Death Camps'', Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, 1987; NCR 0-253-34293-7</ref>
|-
|[[ヤセノヴァツ強制収容所]]
|{{nts|100000}}
|{{nts|700000}}
|{{nts|264575}}
|[[Croatia]]
|1941
|1945
|4年
|<ref>{{Cite web2|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/Jasenovac.html|title=Library|publisher=jewishvirtuallibrary.org|accessdate=August 23, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news2|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/1673249.stm|title=Croatian holocaust still stirs controversy|date=November 29, 2001 |accessdate=September 29, 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="bbc1">{{Cite news2|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4479837.stm|title=Balkan 'Auschwitz' haunts Croatia|date=April 25, 2005 |accessdate=September 29, 2010 |work=BBC News|quote=No one really knows how many died here. Serbs talk of 700,000. Most estimates put the figure nearer 100,000.}}</ref>
|-
|[[コルィマ鉱山]]
|{{nts|130000}}
|{{nts|500000}}
|{{nts|254951}}
|[[Kolyma]], [[Soviet Union]]
|1932
|1954
|22年
|<ref>Ludwik Kowalski: Alaska notes on Stalinism. Retrieved January 18, 2007. Case Study: Stalin's Purges from Genderside Watch. Retrieved January 19, 2007. George Bien, Gulag Survivor in the ''[[Boston Globe]]'', June 22, 2005, [[Kolyma]].</ref>
|-
|[[シュトゥットホーフ強制収容所]]
|{{nts|85000}}
|{{nts|85000}}
|{{nts|85000}}
|[[Stutthof]], [[Poland]]
|1939
|1945
|6年
|See also: [[Nazi Germany|Second World War]]
|-
|[[スタラ・グラディシュカ強制収容所]]
|{{nts|12790}}
|{{nts|75000}}
|{{nts|30972}}
|[[Croatia]]
|1941
|1945
|4年
|Primarily for women and children.<ref name="Smreka">{{Cite web2|url=http://public.mzos.hr/fgs.axd?id=13416|title=STARA GRADIŠKA Ustaški koncentracijski logor|author=Jelka Smreka|publisher=Spomen područja Jasenovac|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717120002/http://public.mzos.hr/fgs.axd?id=13416|archivedate=July 17, 2011 |url-status=dead|accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref><ref name="kovacic">{{Cite web2|url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/75758|title=Iskapanja na prostoru koncentracijskog logora Stara Gradiška i procjena broj žrtava|author=Davor Kovačić|year=2004|accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref>
|-
|[[トゥール・スレン]]
|{{nts|17000}}
|{{nts|17000}}
|{{nts|17000}}
|[[Phnom Penh]], [[Cambodia]]
|1975
|1979
|4年
|<ref name="dccam-history-of-dk">{{Cite book2|url=http://www.dccam.org|title=A History of Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1979)|publisher=Documentation Center of Cambodia|isbn=99950-60-04-3|page=74}}</ref>
|-
|[[アンダーソンビル刑務所]]
|{{nts|13171}}
|{{nts|13171}}
|{{nts|13171}}
|[[Andersonville, Georgia]], [[アメリカ合衆国|United States]]
|1864
|1865
|1年
|<ref>''The Andersonville Prison Trial: The Trial of Captain Henry Wirz'', by General N.P. Chipman, 1911.<!-- publisher?? --></ref>
|-
|[[ツルヴェニ・クルスト集中収容所]]
|{{nts|12000}}
|{{nts|12000}}
|{{nts|12000}}
|[[Niš]], [[Serbia]]
|1941
|1944
|3年
|<ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://www.mrc.org.rs/?mod=prikaz&jezik=srpski&sta=vesti&id_tekst=2378|title=On the killing of Roma in World War II |date=March 13, 2013 |publisher=Mrc.org.rs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006213607/http://www.mrc.org.rs/?mod=prikaz&jezik=srpski&sta=vesti&id_tekst=2378|archive-date=October 6, 2011 |url-status=dead|accessdate=August 23, 2013}}</ref>
|-
|[[エケネス刑務所収容所]]
|{{nts|2963}}
|{{nts|2963}}
|{{nts|2963}}
|[[Ekenäs, Finland|Tammisaari]], [[フィンランド|Finland]]
|1918
|1918
|4ヶ月
|
|-
|[[エルマイラ刑務所]]
|{{nts|2963}}
|{{nts|2963}}
|{{nts|2963}}
|[[Elmira, New York]], U.S.
|1864
|1865
|1年
|<ref>{{Cite book2|title=Death Camp of the North: The Elmira Civil War Prison Camp|last=Horigan|first=Michael|publisher=[[Stackpole Books]]|year=2002|isbn=0-8117-1432-2|location=Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania|ref={{SfnRef|Horigan|2002}} }}{{要ページ番号|date=2023年10月}}</ref>
|-
|[[シャーク島強制収容所]]
|{{nts|1032}}
|{{nts|4000}}{{sfn|Erichsen|2005|p=133}}
|{{nts|2032}}
|[[Luderitz]], [[German South-West Africa]]
|1905
|1907
|2年
|The minimum death toll is out of a camp population of 1,795 people, and the maximum total includes those who died in the [[Luderitz]] area.
|}

==死者数による政治的指導者一覧==
ここでは、特定の政治指導者が原因となった死者数を載せる。死亡者は国策による国内の状況と、問題の指導者に対して忠実な軍隊による積極的な殺害の両方に起因している。
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|- style="background:#CCCC;"
! style="width:7%;" | 指導者
! data-sort-type="number" | 低い推定!! style="width:7%;" data-sort-type="number" | 高い推定
! data-sort-type="number" | 相乗平均<ref name="Pinto 2014 173–180" />!! style="width:5%;" | 場所 !! style="width:5%;" | 開始 !! style="width:5%;" data-sort-="" type="number" | 終了
!期間!! style="width:50%;" data-sort-="" type="number" | 備考
|-
||[[毛沢東]]
||{{nts|20185000}}
||84,929,000<ref name=":90">{{Cite web |title=Communist Body Count |url=https://scottmanning.com/content/communist-body-count/ |website=Scott Manning |date=2006-12-04 |access-date=2024-08-19 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":12" />
||{{nts|41404008}}
||[[中華人民共和国]]
||1946
||1976
|30 years
||Critics of [[Mao Zedong]] have argued [[Mao Zedong|Mao]]'s China saw unprecedented losses of human life through inhuman economic policies such as the [[Great Leap Forward]], [[Laogai|slave labor through the Laogai]], violent political purges such as the [[Cultural Revolution]] the [[Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries]], [[Land reform in China|and class extermination through land reform]] The estimate of the minimum death toll is the sum of the minimum estimate of famine dead (11.6 million),<ref>{{Cite web2 |last1=Patnaik |first1=Utsa |title=On Famine and Measuring 'Famine Deaths' |url=https://archive.org/details/pdfy-aW9fF2uI0YXUonyt/page/n5 |website=Internet Archive |accessdate=April 27, 2019}}</ref> land reform and Campaign to Suppress Counterrevilutionaries dead (200,000),<ref>{{Cite news2|url=https://partners.nytimes.com/library/world/asia/061357liquidated.html|title=Mao Text Shows Reds 'Liquidated' 800,000 Since '49|last1=Gruson|first1=Sidney|agency=New York Times}}</ref>    China Civil War (8,000,000) and Cultural Revolution dead (400,000)<ref name="Maurice Meisner 1999 354" /> plus the minimum killed in the [[1959 Tibetan uprising]] (85,000 to 87,000)
{{See also|History of the People's Republic of China (1949–1976)}}
|-
||[[チンギス・カン]]
||{{nts|30000000}}<ref name="White" />
||{{nts|57000000}}<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":58" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":59" /><ref name=":60" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />
||{{nts|41352146}}
||[[ユーラシア]]
||1206
||1227
||21 years
||The number of the death toll containes the result of the conquests of  [[モンゴル帝国|Mongol Empire]] which he started and passed down to his descendants. 
|-
||[[アドルフ・ヒトラー]]
||{{nts|35740000}}<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |title=戦争による国別犠牲者数 - 人間自然科学研究所 |url=https://www.hns.gr.jp/sacred_place/warcasualty.html |website=www.hns.gr.jp |access-date=2024-08-07}}</ref><ref name=":22" /><ref name=":26" /><ref name=":71" /><ref name=":72">{{Cite book|和書 |title=Die deutschen Vertriebenen in Zahlen |year=1986 |publisher= |author=ゲルハルト・ライヒンク |isbn=3-88557-046-7}}</ref>
 
||{{nts|45759692}}<ref name=":16" /><ref name=":27" /><ref name=":39" /><ref name=":71" /><ref name=":72" />
||{{nts|40440715}}
||ナチスドイツ<nowiki/>下のヨーロッパ
||1934
||1945
|11 years
|| The estimate  includes  number of deaths in  Europe under Nazi rule (excluding Italian military deaths) and [[:en:Soviet_famine_of_1946–1947|Soviet famine in 1946-1947]] and [[ドイツ人追放|Fight and expulsion of Germans]].
* 4,900,000 to 6,200,000 Jews killed (2/3s to 78% of European Jewry killed)<ref>Reitlinger, Gerald (1953). The Final Solution. The Attempt to Exterminate the Jews of Europe, 1939–1945. New York City: Beechhurst Press.</ref><ref>Early efforts by scholars to determine the number of Jews murdered by the Nazis were limited by a lack of access to pertinent records. The genocide seldom entered Western discourse, both due to ignorance and to the Cold-War politics which made West Germany a new ally of the United States.The first significant work on the subject published in English was Gerald Reitlinger's Final Solution (1953), which, relying almost exclusively on German documentation, estimated 4.9 million dead. This figure is now considered extremely conservative. Raul Hilberg's 1961 [[The Destruction of the European Jews]] became a classic in the field of Holocaust literature and made the genocide of the Jews known to the wider public, Hilberg estimated its victims to be 5.1 million lives, or 4.9 – 5.4 million broadly construed. The trial of Adolph Eichmann further raised awareness of the genocide, Eichmann also provided documentation and testimony which revised the number of the dead.The first work to arrive at a figure comparable to modern estimates was Lucy Dawidowicz's The War Against the Jews, published in 1975, the book provided detailed listings by country of the number of Jews killed in the Holocaust which are still used as a reference in modern Holocaust studies. Dawidowicz researched birth and death records in many cities of prewar Europe to come up with a death toll of 5,933,900 Jews. After the opening of Soviet records, scholarship arrived at a death toll of about 6 million Jews. Gutman and Rozett's Encyclopedia of the Holocaust was published in 1990 and estimated slightly over 5.9 million Jews were murdered.Wolfgang Benz's The Holocaust: A German Historian Examines the Genocide, published 1995, gave a toll of 6.2 million.</ref><ref>Davies, Norman (2012). God's Playground [Boze igrzysko]. Otwarte (publishing). p. 956. {{ISBN2|8324015566}}. Polish edition, second volume. "To, co robili Sowieci, bylo szczególnie mylace. Same liczby bylSacramentsie wiarygodne, ale pozbawione komentarza, sprytnie ukrywaly fakt, ze ofiary w przewazajacej liczbie nie byly Rosjanami, ze owe miliony obejmowaly ofiary nie tylko Hitlera, ale i Stalina, oraz ze wsród ludnosci cywilnej najwieksze grupy stanowili Ukraincy, Polacy, Bialorusini i Zydzi. Translation: The Soviet methods were particularly misleading. The numbers were correct, but the victims were overwhelmingly not Russian, and came from either one of the two regimes."</ref>
* 7,405,000 to 17,244,692 civilians and 13,000,000 to 19,350,000 German and Soviet soldiers alone 13,000,000 to 19,350,000<ref name="名前なし_2-20250106191107">{{Cite journal|date=1992|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3775/jie.71.1032|journal=Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy|volume=71|issue=10|pages=1032–1033|doi=10.3775/jie.71.1032|issn=0916-8753}}</ref> killed by [[Generalplan Ost]] and [[Hunger Plan]]
** 2,470,000<ref>Zemskov, Viktor N. (2012). "О масштабах людских потерь CCCР в Великой Отечественной Войне" [The extent of human losses USSR in the Great Patriotic War]. Military Historical Archive (Военно-исторический архив) (in Russian). 9: 59–71 – via Demoskop Weehly vol. 559–560 (2013)<br />Excludes:
*Excludes the 2,500,000 million Jewish civilians killed in Soviet Territories-(see: Gilbert, Martin. Atlas of the Holocaust. 1988. {{ISBN2|978-0-688-12364-2}})
*30,000 to 35,000 Roma killed in Porajmos-(see: Niewyk, Donald L. (2000). The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. Columbia University Press. p. 422. {{ISBN2|0-231-11200-9}}. "European Romani (Gypsy) Population". The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 8, 2016..</ref> to 11,149,692<ref>
Includes:

*Deaths caused by the result of direct, intentional actions of violence 7,420,379-(see: ????????? 1995, pp. 124–131 The Russian Academy of Science article by M.V. Philimoshin based this figure on sources published in the Soviet era.)
*Deaths of forced laborers in Germany 2,164,313-(see: Евдокимов 1995, pp. 124–131.)
*Deaths due to famine and disease in the occupied regions 4,100,000-(see: Евдокимов 1995, pp. 124–131 The Russian Academy of Science article by M.V. Philimoshin estimated 6% of the population in the occupied regions died due to war related famine and disease.)
Excludes:

*Excludes the 2,500,000 million Jewish civilians killed in Soviet Territories-(see: Gilbert, Martin. Atlas of the Holocaust. 1988. {{ISBN2|978-0-688-12364-2}})
*30,000 to 35,000 Roma killed in Porajmos-(see: Niewyk, Donald L. (2000). The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. Columbia University Press. p. 422. {{ISBN2|0-231-11200-9}}. "European Romani (Gypsy) Population". The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 8, 2016.</ref>[[World War II casualties of the Soviet Union|Non Jewish and Roma Soviet civilians killed]]
*** (500,000<ref>Richard Overy, Russia's War (1997): "an estimated 500,000 Soviet citizens died from German bomb attacks."</ref> died from [[Strategic bombing during World War II|Bombing of Soviet civilians]] alone)
** 3,135,000 to 3,325,000 [[German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war|Non-Jewish Soviet POWs killed by Nazis]]<ref>
{{Cite web2|url=http://www.berkeleyinternet.com/iwm/soviet.html|title=Imperial War Museum - Invasion of the Soviet Union display|website=www.berkeleyinternet.com|accessdate=July 29, 2019}}</ref>
** 1,800,000<ref name=":22">
{{Cite web2|url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/polish-victims|title=Polish Victims|website=encyclopedia.ushmm.org|language=en|accessdate=July 29, 2019}}</ref> to 2,770,000<ref name=":27">Tomasz Szarota; Wojciech Materski, eds. (2009). Polska 1939–1945. Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami [Poland 1939–1945. Human Losses and Victims of Repression under two Occupations]. Warsaw: Institute of National Remembrance (IPN). Archived from the original on March 23, 2012. – Janusz Kurtyka; Zbigniew Gluza. Preface.: "ze pod okupacja sowiecka zginelo w latach 1939–1941, a nastepnie 1944–1945 co najmniej 150 tys [...] Laczne straty smiertelne ludnosci polskiej pod okupacja niemiecka oblicza sie obecnie na ok. 2 770 000. [...] Do tych strat nalezy doliczyc ponad 100 tys. Polaków pomordowanych w latach 1942–1945 przez nacjonalistów ukrainskich (w tym na samym Wolyniu ok. 60 tys. osób [...] Liczba Zydów i Polaków zydowskiego pochodzenia, obywateli II Rzeczypospolitej, zamordowanych przez Niemców siega 2,7– 2,9 mln osób." Translation: "It must be assumed losses of at least 150.000 people during the Soviet occupation from 1939 to 1941 and again from 1944 to 1945 [...] The total fatalities of the Polish population under the German occupation are now estimated at 2,770,000. [...] To these losses should be added more than 100,000 Poles murdered in the years 1942–1945 by Ukrainian nationalists (including about 60,000 in Volhynia [...] The number of Jews and Poles of Jewish ethnicity, citizens of the Second Polish Republic, murdered by the Germans amounts to 2.7–2.9 million people." – Waldemar Grabowski. German and Soviet occupation. Fundamental issues.: "Straty ludnosci panstwa polskiego narodowosci ukrainskiej sa trudne do wyliczenia," Translation: "The losses of ethnic Poles of Ukrainian nationality are difficult to calculate." Note: Polish losses amount to 11.3% of the 24.4 million ethnic Poles in prewar Poland and about 90 percent of the 3.3 million Jews of prewar times. The IPN figures do not include losses among Polish citizens of Ukrainian and Belarusian ethnicity. https://web.archive.org/web/20120323161233/http://niniwa2.cba.pl/polska_1939_1945.htm</ref>[[Nazi crimes against the Polish nation|Poles and other Non-Jews killed by Nazis in Poland]]
** 1,500,000 to 3,500,000<ref name="名前なし_2-20250106191107"/> Civilians in Germany killed by Killed by Soviet retaliation
* 130,000<ref name=":26">Niewyk, Donald L. (2000). The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust. Columbia University Press. p. 422. {{ISBN2|0-231-11200-9}}.</ref> to 500,000<ref name=":39">{{Cite web2|url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/genocide-of-european-roma-gypsies-1939-1945|title=Genocide of European Roma (Gypsies), 1939–1945|website=encyclopedia.ushmm.org|language=en|accessdate=July 29, 2019}}</ref> killed in [[Porajmos]] (1/4 of Roma population)
* 300,000 to 600,000 [[World War II persecution of Serbs|Serbians killed]] by the [[Ustaše]]<ref>"Croatia" (PDF). Shoah Resource Center, The International School for Holocaust Studies. Yad Vashem. Glišic, Venceslav (January 12, 2006). "Žrtve licitiranja – Sahrana jednog mita, Bogoljub Kocovic". NIN (in Serbian). Archived from the original on August 1, 2013. http://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%205930.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20130801090050/http://www.knjigainfo.com/index.php?gde=%40http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knjigainfo.com%2Fpls%2Fsasa%2Fbip.text%3Ftid%3D38347%40</ref>
* 300,000<ref>Voglis, Polymeris (2006). "Surviving Hunger: Life in the Cities and the Countryside during the Occupation". In Gildea, Robert; Wievorka, Olivier; Warring, Anette. Surviving Hitler and Mussolini: Daily Life in Occupied Europe. Oxford: Berg. pp. 16–41. {{ISBN2|978-1-84520-181-4}}.</ref><ref>Baranowski, Shelley (2010). Nazi empire : German colonialism and imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 273. {{ISBN2|978-0-521-67408-9}}.</ref>[[Great Famine (Greece)]]
* 275,000 to 300,000 killed in [[Aktion T4]]<ref>"Exhibition catalogue in German and English" (PDF). Berlin, Germany: Memorial for the Victims of National Socialist ›Euthanasia‹ Killings. 2018. "Euthanasia Program" (PDF). Yad Vashem. 2018. Chase, Jefferson (January 26, 2017). "Remembering the 'forgotten victims' of Nazi 'euthanasia' murders". Deutsche Welle. https://www.stiftung-denkmal.de/fileadmin/user_upload/projekte/oeffentlichkeitsarbeit/pdf/T4_Flyer_2015_EN_Web.pdf http://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%206303.pdf http://www.dw.com/en/remembering-the-forgotten-victims-of-nazi-euthanasia-murders/a-37286088</ref>
* 80,000 to 200,000 killed in [[Suppression of Freemasonry#Nazi Germany and occupied Europe|Elimination of Freemasons]]<ref>Hodapp, Christopher (2013). Freemasonry for Dummies, 2. Edition. Wiley Publishing Inc. {{ISBN2|1118412087}}.</ref>
* 77,000 members of [[German resistance to Nazism|German resistance against Nazism executed]]<ref>Peter Hoffmann "The History of the German Resistance, 1933–1945"p.xiii</ref>
* 20,000 to 25,000 Slovenes<ref>The number of Slovenes estimated to have died as a result of the Nazi occupation (not including those killed by Slovene collaboration forces and other Nazi allies) is estimated between 20,000 and 25,000 people. This number only includes civilians: Slovene partisan POWs who died and resistance fighters killed in action are not included (their number is estimated at 27,000). These numbers however include only Slovenes from present-day Slovenia: it does not include Carinthian Slovene victims, nor Slovene victims from areas in present-day Italy and Croatia. These numbers are result of a 10-year-long research by the Institute for Contemporary History (Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino) from Ljubljana, Slovenia. The partial results of the research have been released in 2008 in the volume Žrtve vojne in revolucije v Sloveniji (Ljubljana: Institute for Contemporary History, 2008), and officially presented at the Slovenian National Council
http://www.ds-rs.si/sites/default/files/dokumenti/zbornik_zrtve_vojne_in_revolucije.pdf</ref>
* 18,000<ref>van der Zee, Henri A (1998), The Hunger Winter: Occupied Holland 1944–1945, University of Nebraska Press, pp. 304–5.</ref> to 22,000<ref>Barnouw, David (1999). De hongerwinter. {{ISBN2|978-9065504463}}.</ref>[[Dutch famine of 1944–45]]
* 7,000 Spanish Republican killed<ref>Pike, David Wingeate. Spaniards in the Holocaust: Mauthausen, the horror on the Danube; Editorial: Routledge Chapman & Hall {{ISBN2|978-0-415-22780-3}}. London, 2000.</ref>
* 5,000 to 15,000 [[Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust|Homosexuals killed]]<ref>The Holocaust Chronicle, Publications International Ltd., p. 108.</ref>
* 1,250 to 5,000 [[Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany|Jehovah's Witnesses killed]]<ref>Shulman, William L. A State of Terror: Germany 1933–1939. Bayside, New York: Holocaust Resource Center and Archives.</ref>
|-
|[[洪秀全]]
|10,000,000<ref name="auto5" />
|100,000,000<ref name="auto6" /><ref name="auto9" /><ref name="auto10" />
|31,622,777
|中国([[清]])
|1851
|1864
|13 years
|「[[太平天国の乱]]」も参照
|-
|[[安禄山]]
|13,000,000<ref name=":66">{{Cite book|和書 |title=Progress: Ten Reasons to Look Forward to the Future. |date=1 September 2016 |publisher=Oneworld Publications. |page=95 |isbn=978-1-78074-951-8 |author=Johan Norberg}}</ref><ref name=":67">{{Cite book|和書 |title=The Better Angels of Our Nature |year=2011 |publisher=Penguin Books. |page=194 |isbn=978-1-846-14093-8 |author=Pinker, Steven}}</ref>
|36,000,000<ref name=":66" /><ref name=":67" />
|21,633,308
|中国([[唐]])
|755
|763
|8 years
|「[[安史の乱]]」も参照
|-
||[[ヨシフ・スターリン]]
||{{nts|14183790}}
||{{nts|27159386}}
||{{nts|19627099}}
||ソビエト連邦
||1922
||1953
|31 years
||　彼の直接的な政策による死者数を考えると、
[[ホロドモール]]

　700万<ref name=":68" />～1450万<ref name=":70" />

[[ソ連対日参戦|対日参戦]]

　186,594<ref>[[ソ連対日参戦#CITEREF吉田裕2017|吉田裕 2017]], p. 64.</ref><ref>「地域別兵員及び死没者概数表」厚生省援護局1964年3月</ref><ref>[[ソ連対日参戦#CITEREF伊藤正徳・51961|伊藤正徳・5 1961]], p. 209.</ref>

[[シベリア抑留]]

　58,232<ref>ロシア連邦政府等から提供された抑留者に関する資料の公表（特定者の追加掲載）について令和元年12月6日、[[厚生労働省]]。</ref>-70,000<ref>[[ソ連対日参戦#CITEREF伊藤正徳・51961|伊藤正徳・5 1961]], p. 194.</ref>

[[継続戦争]]

　387,333

[[冬戦争]]

　153,736-194,837

[[ソビエト連邦における強制移送|強制移住]]

　1,124,203-1,912,392

(出典は元記事参照)

[[大粛清]]

681,692<ref>Getty, J. Arch; Rittersporn, Gábor; Zemskov, Viktor (1993). "Victims of the Soviet penal system in the pre-war years: a first approach on the basis of archival evidence" (PDF). ''[[American Historical Review]]''. '''98''' (4): 1022. [[Doi (識別子)|doi]]:10.2307/2166597. [[JSTOR (識別子)|JSTOR]] 2166597。</ref>-1,704,230<ref>Wielka czystka by [[Alexander Weissberg-Cybulski]], [[ISBN]] [[特別:文献資料/83-07-02122-7|83-07-02122-7]]</ref>

[[ドイツ人追放]]

　200万人



　また、彼の間接的な政策による死者数を考えると、

[[:en:Soviet_famine_of_1946–1947|大戦直後の飢饉]]

　90万<ref name=":71">Ó Gráda, Cormac (2019). "The famines of WWII". ''Centre for Economic Policy Research''. Retrieved 2022-01-03. <q>One famine cost 100,000 lives in Tokyo in the second half of 1945; another was the Soviet famine of 1946–1947. The latter was proportionately most severe in Moldova, where 100,000 or 5% of the population perished, but most costly in numbers of lives in Ukraine (300,000) and elsewhere in the Soviet Union (500,000) (Ellman 2000: 611–617, Vallin et al. 2012: 70). Elsewhere, despite Truman's warning, malnutrition was widespread but famine was averted (Aldous 2010, Collingham 2011: 467–474).</q></ref>

[[朝鮮戦争]]

　150万～450万<ref name=":78">Lacina, Bethany (September 2009). "The PRIO Battle Deaths Dataset, 1946-2008, Version 3.0" (PDF). [[Peace Research Institute Oslo]]. pp. 359–362. 2019年8月30日閲覧。</ref>

スターリンによって成立した他国の共産党政府による死者

　[[ルーマニア共産党|ルーマニア]]：6万<ref name="Valentino 2005 p. 75" />

　　　　　　　～43.5万<ref name="communistkills" />

　[[ブルガリア共産党|ブルガリア]]:3.1万<ref name="Sofia 2010" /><ref name=":83" />

　　　　　　　～22万<ref name="communistkills" />

　[[ポーランド統一労働者党|ポーランド]]：22,000<ref name=":84" />

　[[ハンガリー共産党|ハンガリー]]：27,000<ref name="communistkills" />

　[[ドイツ社会主義統一党|東ドイツ]]：7万<ref name="communistkills" />～10万
|-
|[[ヴィルヘルム2世 (ドイツ皇帝)|ヴィルヘイム2世]]
| colspan="3" |14,413,868
|[[ドイツ帝国]]
|1888
|1918
|30 years
|　戦争責任については様々な議論がある。
　彼の[[帝国主義]]政策によって[[ビスマルク体制]]を崩壊に導いた。もしドイツが[[オーストリア＝ハンガリー帝国|同盟国]]とともにセルビアに侵攻し、ロシアとの対立をあおらなければ第一次世界大戦は発生しなかったと考えられる。
　左の推定は、[[:en:Ottoman_casualties_of_World_War_I|内政に起因するものが多いオスマン帝国での民間人死者]]を除いた、第一次世界大戦によるあらゆる犠牲者の合計である。

　具体的な数値の根拠は
「[[第一次世界大戦の犠牲者]]」を参照
|-
|[[近衛文麿]]
|6,976,197<ref name=":16" /><ref name=":52" /><ref name=":54" /><ref name=":55" />
|22,910,000<ref name=":16" /><ref name=":56" /><ref name=":57" />
|12,642,178
|[[大日本帝国]]、[[中華民国臨時政府 (1937年-1940年)|中華民国臨時政府]]
|1937
|1941
|4
years
|　彼によって決定された中国への派兵・侵攻によって[[日中戦争]]が、[[仏印進駐]]等による[[日米交渉|日米関係の悪化]]によって[[太平洋戦争]]が勃発する主要因となった。　
　左の推定は、日中戦争におけるすべての犠牲者と、太平洋戦争における日米軍の犠牲者を合わせたものである。
　ただ中国国民政府によって引き起こされた[[黄河決壊事件|黄河決壊]]といった、日本政府の政策に関係のない事件の犠牲者は分は除いた。

　また、日本の戦争責任については未だに様々な議論がある。
|-
|[[ティムール]]
|8,000,000<ref name=":65" /><ref name="ReferenceF" />
|17,000,000<ref name="The Rehabilitation Of Tamerlane" /><ref name="J.J. Saunders 1971 174" />
|11,661,904
|[[ティムール朝]]
|1370
|1405
|35 years
|
|-
||[[蔣介石]]
||{{nts|5965000}}<ref name=":12" />
||{{nts|18522000}}<ref name=":12" />
||{{nts|10511124}}
||[[中華民国]]
||1928
||1946
|18 years
||Primarily from conscription campaigns but also grain confiscations and other atrocities.
{{See also|Nationalist Government#Human Rights violations|l1=Mass killings under the Chinese Nationalist government}}
|-
|[[ニコライ2世 (ロシア皇帝)|ニコライ2世]]
|9,994,180
|10,437,549
|10,213,458
|[[ロシア帝国]]
|1868
|1918
|50 years
|　戦争責任については様々な議論がある。
　ロシア帝国は、彼の統治下で[[露仏同盟|フランスと同盟を結び]]ながら[[中央同盟国]]と敵対し、先頭によって多くの犠牲者を生んだ。([[第一次世界大戦]]、[[:en:Ottoman_entry_into_World_War_I|オスマン帝国の第一次世界大戦への参戦（英語版）]]、[[:en:Russian_entry_into_World_War_I|ロシア帝国の第一次世界大戦への参戦（英語版）]]の記事も参照)
　また、[[南下政策]]によって[[日露戦争]]の原因も作った。

　左の推定は、第一次世界大戦におけるロシア、フランス、ドイツ、オーストリア＝ハンガリーにおける戦没者、オスマン帝国における戦死者、および日露戦争での戦死者も含む。
　また、具体的な犠牲者数の根拠は「[[第一次世界大戦の犠牲者]]」も参照
|-
|[[ウラジーミル・レーニン|ウラジミール・レーニン]]
|1,250,000<ref>{{Cite journal|last=村知|first=稔三|date=2004|title=1920年代初めのロシアにおける飢饉と乳幼児の生存・養育環境(5 比較教育)|url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/taikaip/63/0/63_KJ00004056824/_article/-char/ja/|journal=日本教育学会大會研究発表要項|volume=63|pages=118–119|doi=10.11555/taikaip.63.0_118}}</ref>
|15,000,000<ref>{{Cite book|和書 |title=ソヴィエトの悲劇 上巻 |year=1997 |publisher=草思社 |pages=237-239 |author=マーティン・メイリア、白須英子訳}}</ref>
|4,330,127
|[[ソビエト連邦|ソ連]]
|1917
|1924
|7 years
|「[[ロシア革命]]」、「[[ロシア内戦]]」、「[[ロシア飢饉 (1921年-1922年)|ロシア飢饉(1921－1922)]]」も参照
|-
|[[フェルディナント2世 (神聖ローマ皇帝)|フェルディナンド2世]]
|4,000,000<ref name=":75" />
|12,000,000<ref name=":75" />
|6,928,203
|[[神聖ローマ帝国]]
|1619
|1637
|18 yeas
|「[[三十年戦争]]」も参照
|-

||[[レオポルド2世 (ベルギー王)|レオポルド2世]]
||{{nts|3000000}}{{efn|The Casement estimate is used by Ascherson in his book ''[[The King Incorporated]]'', although he notes that it is "almost certainly an underestimate".{{sfn|Ascherson|1999|p=9}}}}
||{{nts|13000000}}{{sfn|Hochschild|1999|p=315}}
||{{nts|6244998}}
||[[コンゴ自由国]]||{{nts|1885|format=no}}||{{nts|1908|format=no}}
|13 years||[[International Association of the Congo|Private forces]] under the control of [[Leopold II of Belgium]] carried out mass murders, mutilations, and other crimes against the Congolese in order to encourage the gathering of valuable raw materials, principally [[rubber]]. Significant deaths also occurred due to major disease outbreaks and starvation, caused by population displacement and poor treatment.<ref name="Hochschild 1999" /> Estimates of the death toll vary considerably due to the lack of a formal census before 1924, but a commonly cited figure of 10 million deaths was obtained by estimating a 50% decline in the total population during the Congo Free State and applying it to the total population of 10 million in 1924.<ref name="Hochschild p.226–232" /> See also: [[Atrocities in the Congo Free State]]
|-
|[[東條英機|東条英機]]
|
|7,390,000<ref name=":16" />
|
|[[大東亜共栄圏]]
([[大日本帝国]])
|1941
|1944
|3 years
|　左記の推定値は彼が主導した太平洋戦争において新たに占領した地域での死者数のうち、イギリスによる影響が強かったインドでの死者を除いたものである。
|-
|[[アウラングゼーブ]]
| colspan="3" |5,000,000
|[[ムガル帝国]]
|1658
|1707
|49 years
|「[[デカン戦争]]」も参照
|-
|[[ナポレオン・ボナパルト]]
|3,500,000
|7,000,000
|4,949,747
|[[フランス第一帝政|フランス帝国]]
|1803
|1815
|13
years
|「 [[ナポレオン戦争]]」も参照
|-
|[[エルナン・コルテス]]
|729,000
|24,300,000
|4,208,883
|[[スペイン帝国]]
|1519
|1547
|28 years
|　具体的な数値はわからないが、彼が征服した[[アステカ|アステカメキシコ]]において2430万人の原住民が減少し(ここから最大推定値を計算)、少なくともその3％が病気以外によるものである<ref name=":92">{{Cite web |title=De re Militari: muertos en Guerras, Dictaduras y Genocidios |url=https://remilitari.com/guias/victimario9.htm |website=remilitari.com |access-date=2024-08-30}}</ref>ことから最低推定値を計算した。
「[[コンキスタドール]]」、「[[スペインによるアステカ帝国の征服|スペインによるアステカ王国の征服]]」も参照
|-
|[[ローラン・カビラ]]
|2,738,000<ref name=":79" />
|6,285,000
|4,148,292
|[[コンゴ民主共和国]]
|1997
|2001
|4 years
|「[[第一次コンゴ戦争|第一次]]・[[第二次コンゴ戦争]]」も参照
|-
|[[金日成]]
|1,900,000
|6,000,000
|3,376,389
|北朝鮮
|1949
|1994
|55 years
|朝鮮戦争
　150万～450万<ref name=":78" />

強制収容所

　40万～150万<ref name=":76" /><ref name="mooncuddles" />

(死後後継者によって行われた分も含む)
|-
||[[ポル・ポト]]
||{{nts|1816734}}
||{{nts|4030000}}
||{{nts|2705815}}
||カンボジア
||1963
（[[クメール・ルージュ|党]]書記長就任）
||1985
（反ベトナム同盟辞職）
|22　years
||[[カンボジア大虐殺]]
　犠牲者数:1,386,738<ref name="Bruce Sharp" />　　　　　～3,400,000<ref name="Heuveline, Patrick 2001" />

(Deaths due to arbitrary torture, execution, starvation, and forced labor among the population of [[Cambodia]] under the rule of [[Pol Pot]] and the [[Khmer Rouge]], including both killings of ethnic [[Khmer people|Khmer]] (the majority ethnic group) as well as a [[Cambodian genocide#Ethnic and Religious Victims|genocide of religious and ethnic minorities by the Khmer Rouge]]. Minimum death toll is the number of corpses found in the [[Killing Fields]].{{citation needed|date=August 2018}})


[[カンボジア内戦]]

　犠牲者数：40万～60万<ref>Heuveline, Patrick (2001). "The Demographic Analysis of Mortality in Cambodia." In Forced Migration and Mortality, eds. Holly E. Reed and Charles B. Keely. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.</ref><ref>Marek Sliwinski, Le Génocide Khmer Rouge: Une Analyse Démographique (L’Harmattan, 1995).</ref><ref>Banister, Judith, and Paige Johnson (1993). "After the Nightmare: The Population of Cambodia." In Genocide and Democracy in Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge, the United Nations and the International Community, ed. Ben Kiernan. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies.</ref>

[[カンボジア・ベトナム戦争]]

　犠牲者数：3万<ref>通常、ベトナム側の資料では相反した数を示すが、ベトナム軍の将官であるTran Cong Manは以下のように述べた。「10年に及ぶカンボジア内の作戦で15,000名が死亡し、また他に30,000名が負傷した。」したがってこの数字には、1975年から1978年までの時期の犠牲者は含まれない。 Thayer, 10</ref><ref>Khoo, p. 127</ref>
|-
||[[ラダマ1世]]
||{{nts|2500000}}
||{{nts|2500000}}
||{{nts|2500000}}
||[[マダガスカル]]
||1829
||1842
|13 years
||Putting an end to most foreign trade relationships, [[Ranavalona I]] pursued a policy of self-reliance, made possible through frequent use of the long-standing tradition of ''[[Corvée#Madagascar|fanompoana]]''—forced labor in lieu of tax payments in money or goods. Ranavalona continued the wars of expansion conducted by her predecessor, [[Radama I]], in an effort to extend her realm over the entire island, and imposed strict punishments on those who were judged as having acted in opposition to her will. Due in large part to loss of life throughout the years of military campaigns, high death rates among ''fanompoana'' workers, and harsh traditions of justice under her rule, the population of Madagascar is estimated to have declined from around 5 million to 2.5 million between 1833–39, and from 750,000 to 130,000 between 1829–42 in Imerina.<ref name="Stats">{{Cite journal2|last=Campbell|first=Gwyn|date=October 1991|title=The state and pre-colonial demographic history: the case of nineteenth century Madagascar|journal=Journal of African History|volume=23|issue=3|pages=415–45}}</ref> These statistics have contributed to a strongly unfavorable view of Ranavalona's rule in historical accounts.<ref name="Laidler 2005">Laidler (2005)</ref>
|-
|[[ウィンストン・チャーチル]]
|1,500,000<ref name=":16" />
|4,000,000<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />
|2,449,490
|イギリス
|1940
|1945
|6 years
|War-related administrative policies in India by him ultimately helped to cause the massive death toll  (Bengal famine).<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />
|-
|[[リンドン・ジョンソン]]
|966,000<ref name=":73" />
|3,800,000<ref name=":74" />
|2,383,000
|アメリカ
|1963
|1969
|6 years
|「[[ベトナム戦争]]」も参照
|-
||[[金正日]]
||{{nts|760000}}
||{{nts|5600000}}
||{{nts|2063008}}
||北朝鮮
||1993
||2011
|18 years
||[[苦難の行軍]]による死者数
　60万<ref name="Spoorenberg, Thomas pp. 133–158" />

～500万<ref name=":77" />


1972年～2018年における

[[朝鮮民主主義人民共和国の強制収容所|強制収容所]]での死者数

　40万～150万<ref name=":76" /><ref name="mooncuddles" />

(左の推定では上記の期間における死者数が毎年同じだと仮定して、1993年～2011年における死者数を有効数字2桁で概算した)

　また、現在まで続く北朝鮮の状況については「[[北朝鮮人権問題]]」も参照
|-
||[[タラート・パシャ]]
||{{nts|1489000}}
||{{nts|2810000}}
||{{nts|2045505}}
||[[オスマン帝国]]
||1913
||1918
|5 years
||Under the [[Young Turks]]' regime whose leader is him, the [[Ottoman Empire]] committed various [[genocides]] and [[ethnic cleansings]]. The death toll is derived from the sum of the death tolls of the [[Armenian Genocide]] (800,000 to 1,500,000), [[Assyrian Genocide]] (150,000 to 300,000), [[Greek Genocide]] (289,000 to 750,000), [[ethnic cleansing]] of the [[Thracian Bulgarians]] in 1913 (50,000 to 60,000), and the [[Great Famine of Mount Lebanon]] (200,000).
|-
|[[ヤクブ・ゴウォン]]
|2,045,000
|2,075,000
|2,059,945
|[[ナイジェリア]]
|1966
|1975
|9 years
|「[[ビアフラ戦争]]」も参照
|-
|[[シャルル10世 (フランス王)|シャルル十世]]
|1,380,000
|2,980,000
|2,027,905
|[[フランス王国]]
|1824
|1830
|6 years
|　[[アルジェリア侵略]]で98万～148万、また、それによってのちに引き起こされた[[アルジェリア戦争]]によって
40～150万人が犠牲になった。
　具体的な数値の根拠は各記事を参照
|-
|[[レオニード・ブレジネフ]]
|2,015,000
|2,015,000
|2,015,000
|ソビエト連邦
|1964
|1982
|18 years
|「[[アフガニスタン紛争 (1978年-1989年)|アフガニスタン紛争]]」も参照
|-
|[[豊臣秀吉]]
|１,000,000<ref name=":53" />
|3,440,000<ref>朝鮮の人口推移：[[1392年]](554万人)、[[1522年]](1061万人)、[[1591年]](1409万人)、[[1637年]](1063万人)、[[1822年]](1621万人)、1910年(1742万人)。Estimated data are from Kwon and Sin, "Choson." Composite recorded data are from the Hogu ch'ongsu (1789); Choson Wangjo Sillok entries and T'akchiji entries are from the Seoul National University edition of the Hogu ch'ongsu; records from 1864 to 1924 are from Zensho, Chosen. The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 68, No. 1 (Mar., 2008), pp. 244-282</ref>
|1,854,724
|[[日本]]
|1591
|1599
|8 years
|　これは、豊臣秀吉によって行われた[[文禄・慶長の役]]の犠牲者のみについて記したものであり、天下統一までに行われた先頭による死者は、せいとうぼうえいとして含まないとする。
|-
|[[ハーバート・ヘンリー・アスキス]]
| colspan="3" |1,796,597
|[[イギリス帝国]]
|1908
|1916
|8 yeas
|　左の推定は、第一次世界大戦への参戦による自国とアフリカ戦線における犠牲者の合計。
　詳しい数値の根拠は
「[[第一次世界大戦の犠牲者]]」も参照
|-
||[[オマル・アル＝バシール]]
||{{nts|1063000}}
||{{nts|2530000}}
||{{nts|1639936}}
||スーダン
||1989
||2019
|29 years
|| 1 to 2 million: [[Second Sudanese Civil War]]
63,000 to 530,000:<ref>{{Cite web2 |last1=Reeves |first1=Eric |title=QUANTIFYING GENOCIDE IN DARFUR: April 28, 2006 (Part 1) |url=http://www.sudanreeves.org/Article102.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728071750/http://www.sudanreeves.org/Article102.html |archivedate=2011-07-28 |accessdate=April 27, 2019}}</ref>[[Darfur genocide]]
|-
||[[スハルト]]
||{{nts|680500}}
||{{nts|3418000}}+
||{{nts|1525106}}+
||インドネシア
||1965
||1998
|33 years
||[[:en:Indonesian_mass_killings_of_1965–66|65/66 Politicide]]: 500,000 to 3,000,000 "communists"<br />[[Indonesian occupation of East Timor|East Timor Atrocities]]: 60,000 to 308,000 East Timorese<br />[[Papua conflict|West Papua Atrocities]]: 100,000 papuans<br />[[Petrus Killings]]: 2,000 to 10,000 suspected criminals
|-
|[[フランシスコ・ピサロ]]
|256,350
|8,582,000
|1,483,238
|[[スペイン帝国]]
|1531
|1541
|10 years
|　具体的な数値はわからないが、彼が大半を征服した、現在のチリ、ペルー、ボリビアにあたる地域において、854.5万～858.2万人の原住民が減少し、（最大推定値はこれを用いた）少なくともその3％が病気以外によるものである<ref name=":92" />ことから最低推定値を計算した。
「[[コンキスタドール]]」、「[[スペインによるアステカ帝国の征服|スペインによるアステカ王国の征服]]」も参照
|-
|[[ガイウス・ユリウス・カエサル|ガイウスユリウスカエサル]]
| colspan="3" |1,460,000
|[[古代ローマ]]
|紀元前
61
|紀元前
44
|17 years
|「[[ガリア戦争]]」も参照
|-
|[[シャカ・ズールー]]
|1,000,000
|2,000,000
|1,414,214
|[[南アフリカ共和国|南アフリカ]]
|1816
|1828
|12 years
|「[[:en:Mfecane|Mfecane]]」も参照
|-
||[[メンギスツ・ハイレ・マリアム]]
| colspan="3"|{{nts|1400000}}<ref>{{Cite book|和書 |title= |publisher=トルバドール出版社 |isbn=978-1-78589-158-8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/pdfs/e/ethiopia/ethiopia.919/ethiop991.pdf |title=「EVIL DAYS - ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチ」 |access-date=2024/9/05}}</ref>
||エチオピア
||1977
||1987
|10 years
||[[:en:1983–1985_famine_in_Ethiopia|1983-1985エチオピア飢饉（英語版）]]、
[[エチオピア内戦]]も参照
|-
|[[アッピウス・クラウディウス・カウデクス]]
|1,170,000
|1,260,000
|1,214,166
|古代ローマ
|紀元前
264
|?
|
|　[[第一次ポエニ戦争]]を扇動し、それがその後の[[第二次ポエニ戦争]]の原因にもなった。また、高い推定は、傭兵戦争のカルタゴ反乱軍の兵士数も含む。
|-
|[[ヤヒヤー・ハーン]]
|400,000
|3,600,000
|1,200,000
|パキスタン
|1969
|1971
|2 years
|「[[バングラデシュ独立戦争]]」も参照
|-
|[[張献忠]]
|1,000,000<ref name=":80">Dillon, Michael (1998). China: A Cultural and Historical Dictionary. Routledge. p. 379. {{ISBN2|978-0-7007-0439-2}}。 from J.B. Parsons, The Peasant Rebellions of the Late Ming Dynasty (University of Arizona Press), 1970.</ref>
|1,000,000<ref name=":80" />
|1,000,000
|中国([[明]])
|1644
|1646
|2 years
|
|-
|[[杜文秀]]
| colspan="3" |1,000,000
|中国([[清]])
|1856
|1873
|17 years
|「[[パンゼーの乱]]([[:en:Panthay_Rebellion|英語版]])」も参照
|-
|[[:en:Théoneste_Bagosora#ICTR_trial|Bagosora]]
|750,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=iafrica.com {{!}} news {{!}} world news No consensus on genocide death toll |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312235311/http://iafrica.com/news/worldnews/314365.htm |website=web.archive.org |date=2007-03-12 |access-date=2024-08-12}}</ref>
|1,174,000<ref>{{Cite book|和書 |title=饗場 |year=2006 |publisher= |page=p. 57}}</ref>
|938,349
|ルワンダ
|1994
|1994
|1 years
|「[[ルワンダ虐殺]]」も参照
|-
|[[チャールズ1世 (イングランド王)|チャールズ1世]]
|876,000
|876,000
|876,000
|[[ブリテン諸島]]
|1629
|1649
|20 years
|　圧政により[[清教徒革命|三国戦争]]を起こさせ、彼が拒否した立憲君主制が成立するまで多くの人が犠牲となった。
　上述の「清教徒革命」も参照
|-
|[[フェルディナンド1世 (ルーマニア王)|フェルディナンド1世]]
| colspan="3" |700,000
|[[ルーマニア王国]]
|1914
|1927
|13 years
|　左の推定は、第一次世界大戦への参戦による自国の犠牲者数
　具体的な数値の根拠は
「[[第一次世界大戦の犠牲者]]」も参照
|-
|[[ニコライ1世 (ロシア皇帝)|ニコライ一世]]
|615,378
|673,015
|643,552
|[[ロシア帝国]]
|1825
|1855
|30 years
|「[[クリミア戦争]]（[[:en:Crimean_War|英語版]]）」も参照
|-
||[[サッダーム・フセイン|サダム・フセイン]]
||{{nts|200000}}<ref name="BurnsFilkins">A January 26, 2003 ''[[The New York Times]]'' article by John F. Burns similarly states "the number of those 'disappeared' into the hands of the secret police, never to be heard from again, could be 200,000." Noting that the [[Iran–Iraq War]] cost approximately 800,000 lives on both sides and that—while "surely a gross exaggeration"—Iraq estimated there were 100,000 deaths resulting from U.S. bombing in the [[Gulf War]], Burns concludes: "A million dead Iraqis, in war and through terror, may not be far from the mark." See {{Cite web2 |last=Burns |first=John F. |date=2003-01-26 |title=How Many People Has Hussein Killed? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/26/weekinreview/the-world-how-many-people-has-hussein-killed.html |accessdate=2016-12-04 |work=The New York Times}} Also writing in ''The New York Times'', [[Dexter Filkins]] appeared to echo but misrepresent Burns's remark on October 7, 2007: "[Saddam] murdered as many as a million of his people, many with poison gas.&nbsp;... His unprovoked invasion of Iran is estimated to have left another million people dead." See {{Cite web2 |last=Filkins |first=Dexter |authorlink=Dexter Filkins |date=2007-10-07 |title=Regrets Only? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/07/magazine/07MAKIYA-t.html |accessdate=2016-12-04 |work=The New York Times}} In turn, [[Arthur L. Herman]] accused Saddam of "kill[ing] as many as two million of his own people" in ''[[Commentary (magazine)|Commentary]]'' on July 1, 2008. See {{Cite web2 |last=Herman |first=Arthur L. |authorlink=Arthur L. Herman |date=2008-07-01 |title=Why Iraq Was Inevitable |url=https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/why-iraq-was-inevitable/ |accessdate=2016-12-04 |work=Commentary}}</ref>
||{{nts|2000000}}<ref name="BurnsFilkins" />
||{{nts|632456}}
||イラク
||1979
||2003
|24 years
|see [[:en:Human_rights_in_Ba'athist_Iraq#Number_of_victims|Human rights in Ba'athist Iraq#Number of victims]]
|-
||[[ホー・チ・ミン]]
||{{nts|328000}}
||{{nts|1169000}}
||{{nts|619219}}
||ベトナム
||1953
||1956
|3 years
||[[:en:Land_reform_in_North_Vietnam|land reform in North Vietnam]]
　19.5万～86.5万人　<ref>[https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB6.1A.GIF SOD.TAB6.1A.GIF (899×5509) (hawaii.edu)]line.329</ref>

民衆殺戮(後継者によるものも含む)　13.3万～30.4万人　<ref>[https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB6.1A.GIF SOD.TAB6.1A.GIF (899×5509) (hawaii.edu)]line.472</ref>
|-
|[[シャルル・ド・ゴール]]
|597,000
|597,000
|597,000
|[[フランス]]
|1944
|1946
|2 years
|「[[第一次インドシナ戦争|第1次インドシナ戦争]]」も参照
|-
||[[アンテ・パヴェリッチ]]
Nikola Mandić
||{{nts|300000}}<ref name="csmonitor.com">{{Cite journal2|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/Opinion/2010/0402/Croatia-should-apologize-for-World-War-II-genocide-before-joining-the-EU|title=Croatia should apologize for World War II genocide before joining the EU|date=April 2, 2010|journal=Christian Science Monitor}}</ref>
||{{nts|1088000}}<ref>{{Cite web2|url=https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB9.1.GIF|title=Yugoslavian Democide: Estimates, Sources, and Calculations|last1=Rummel|first1=R.J.|website=View Line 245}}</ref>
||{{nts|571314}}
||クロアチア<ref name="csmonitor.com" />
||1941
||1945
|4 years
|See also: [[Independent State of Croatia]]
|-
|アンドレ・マサンガイッサ
[[:en:André_Matsangaissa|英語版]]
|300,500
|1,025,500
|555,124
|[[モザンビーク|モザンビーク共和国]]
|1977
|1979
|2 years
|　左の推定は、彼が始めたRENAMOによる[[モザンビーク内戦]]における、戦死者、餓死者、RENAMOの虐殺による死者のすべてを合わせたものである。
|-
|[[ハドリアヌス]]
|500,000+<ref name=":93">[[カッシウス・ディオ|カシウス・ディオ]]、アーネスト・ケアリーによる翻訳。''ローマ史''、本69、12.1-14.3。[[:en:Loeb_Classical_Library|ローブ古典図書館]]、9巻、ギリシャ語のテキストと英語の翻訳に直面している:ハーバード大学出版局、1914年から1927年。[[:en:LacusCurtius|LacusCurtius]]のオンラインおよび livius.org:[https://web.archive.org/web/20160813220152/http://www.livius.org/ja-jn/jewish_wars/bk05.html アーカイブ] 2016-08-13 で [[Wayback Machine]].[[インターネットアーカイブ]]の本のスキャン。</ref><ref name=":94">{{Cite journal|last=Buttrey|first=T. V.|date=2000|title=Unattributed Anonymous ''quadrantes'' revisited - 
            RICHARD D. WEIGEL, THE ANONYMOUS QUADRANTES RECONSIDERED (Annotazioni Numismatiche, Supplemento XI, Milan 
            1998). Pp. 20, figs. 22. ISSN 1121-7464.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759400019334|journal=Journal of Roman Archaeology|volume=13|pages=589–590|doi=10.1017/s1047759400019334|issn=1047-7594}}</ref>
|600,000+<ref name=":93" /><ref name=":94" />
|547,723
|古代ローマ
|117
|138
|19 years
|「[[バル・コクバの乱|バル・コクバの反乱]]」も参照
|-
|[[サモラ・マシェル]]
|255,500<ref name="noriracasua" />
|1,150,500<ref name="noriracasua" />
|542,174
|[[モザンビーク|モザンビーク共和国]]
|1975
|1986
|11 years
|　左の推定は、彼が主導した[[モザンビーク解放戦線|FRELIMO]]によって行われた[[モザンビーク内戦]]における、戦死者、餓死者、およびFRELIMOの弾圧による死者数をすべて合わせたものである。
|-
|[[:en:Gessius_Florus|Gessius Florus]]
|250,000
|1,100,000
|524,404
|[[古代ローマ]]
|64
|66
|2 years
|「[[:en:First_Jewish–Roman_War|First Jewish–Roman War]]」も参照
|-
|[[バーラージー・バージー・ラーオ]]
|490,000<ref name=":81">James Grant Duff "History of the Mahrattas, Vol II (Ch. 5), Printed for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1826"</ref><ref name=":82">T. S. Shejwalkar, "Panipat 1761" (in Marathi and English) Deccan College Monograph Series. I., Pune (1946)</ref><ref name="Marshall73" /><ref name="Chaudhuri253" />
|550,000<ref name=":81" /><ref name=":82" /><ref name="Marshall73" /><ref name="Chaudhuri253" />
|519,134
|[[マラーター王国]]
|1740
|1761
|21 years
|
|-
|[[アレクサンドロス3世|アレクサンドロス３世]]
| colspan="3" |数十万(GPT-4による推定)
|[[マケドニア王国|アルゲアス朝マケドニア王国]]
|紀元前356
|紀元前323
|33 years
|以下Copilotによる回答　
「一部の歴史家は、アレクサンダー大王の東方遠征による死者数は数十万人にも上ると推測しています。。また、これらの数値は戦闘による死者だけでなく、戦争による飢餓や疫病などによる死者も含んでいます。このような推測は、当時の人口密度、戦闘の規模と頻度、そして戦争の影響を受けた地域の広さなど、多くの要素を考慮に入れています。」
|-
|[[ウィリアム・マッキンリー]]
|230,200<ref name=":86" /><ref name=":87" /><ref name=":88" /><ref name=":89" />
|1,024,200<ref name=":86" /><ref name=":91" />
|485,562
|アメリカ
|1897
|1901
|4 years
|「[[米比戦争]]」も参照
|-
||[[バッシャール・アル＝アサド|バッシャール・アサド]]
||{{nts|465000}}<ref>{{Cite book2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iCwRDgAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA81#v=onepage|title=Social Issues in Living Color: Challenges and Solutions from the Perspective of Ethnic Minority Psychology|author=Arthur W. Blume|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2017|isbn=9781440833373|p=81}}</ref>
||{{nts|465000}}
||{{nts|465000}}
||シリア
||2011
||2024
|13 years
||See also: [[Syrian Civil War]]
|-
|[[インノケンティウス3世 (ローマ教皇)|インノケンティウス三世]]　
|200,000+
|1,000,000+
|447,214+
|ヨーロッパ
|1198
|1216
|18 years
|　左の数値は[[アルビジョア十字軍]]のみによるものであり、[[第4回十字軍]]などの他の虐殺は含まない
|-
|[[ラグージー・ボーンスレー]]
| colspan="3" |400,000+
|[[マラーター王国]]
(インド)
|1738
|1755
|17 years
|「[[:en:Maratha_invasions_of_Bengal|Maratha invasions of Bengal]]」も参照
|-
|[[メフメト4世]]
| colspan="3" |380,000+<ref>{{Cite book|和書 |title= |publisher= |isbn=9781590775264 |page={{要ページ番号|date=2024年9月}}}}</ref>
|[[オスマン帝国]]
|1648
|1687
|39 years
|左の数値は[[大トルコ戦争]]による犠牲者についてのみ考えたものである
|-
||[[ベニート・ムッソリーニ]]
||{{nts|158000}}
||{{nts|628000}}
||{{nts|314998}}
||イタリア、リビア、エチオピア、ユーゴスラビア、ギリシア
||1922
||1945
||24 years
||
* 80,000<ref name="duggy">Duggan, Christopher (2007). The Force of Destiny: A History of Italy Since 1796. New York: Houghton Mifflin. p. 497.</ref> to 125,000<ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c100k.htm#Libya|title=Twentieth Century Atlas - Death Tolls|website=necrometrics.com|access-date=July 29, 2019}}</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}} or over 1/4 of the Cyrenaican<ref name="duggy" />[[Pacification of Libya]]
* [[Ethiopia]] in which 62,000 to 485,000 [[Second Italo-Abyssinian War]]<ref name="ethi">"Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls". necrometrics.com. http://necrometrics.com/index.htm#Eth35</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}
* 11,000<ref>Doxiadis, Sacrifices of Greece, Claims and Reparations, no.19, p.75-77</ref>[[Italian war crimes#Greece|War crimes in Greece]]
* 5,000<ref>Rudolph J. Rummel. "Statistics of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900." LIT Verlag, 1998. Page 168.</ref> to 7,000.<ref>{{Cite web2|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19420904&id=TPQjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=V_8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6550,3875812|title=Toledo Blade – Google News Archive Search|website=news.google.com}}</ref>[[Italian war crimes#Yugoslavia|War crimes in Yugoslavia]]
|-
|[[:en:Lý_Nhân_Tông|魯鴻桃]]
[[:en:Lý_Nhân_Tông|(英語版)]]
|250,000<ref>{{Cite book |title=A history of Vietnam: from Hong Bang to Tu Duc |publisher=Greenwood Press |date=1995 |location=Westport, Conn |isbn=978-0-313-29622-2 |first=Oscar |last=Chapuis}}</ref>
|400,000
|316,228
|ベトナム
|1072
|1128
|56 years
|「[[:en:Song–Đại_Việt_war|Song–Đại Việt war]]」も参照
|-
|[[ジョージ・W・ブッシュ|ジョージ・Ｗ・ブッシュ]]
|244,124
|266,427
|255,031
|アメリカ
|2001
|2009
|8 years
|　彼の引き起こした[[対テロ戦争]]によって多くの民間人が巻き込まれた。詳しく<nowiki/>は[http://www.icti-e.com/ http://www.icti-e.com]<nowiki/>[http://www.icti-e.com/ /],[http://icta.m-shonan.jp/ http://icta.m-shonan.jp]<nowiki/>[http://icta.m-shonan.jp/ /]を参照
|-
||[[フランシスコ・フランコ]]
||{{nts|195000}}
||{{nts|265000}}
||{{nts|227321}}
||スペイン、オーストラリア、ロシア
||1939
||1975
|36 years
||Diseases and starvation: 130,000 (1939–1943)<br />Repression: 30,000–100,000 (1939–1948)<br />Prison camps: 20,000 (1939–1943)<br />Spanish Maquis: 5,548 (1939–1965)<br />World War II: 5,000 ([[Mauthausen concentration camp]] in [[Austria]])<br />[[Blue Division]]: Casualties in the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Russo-German conflict]] totalled 22,700. In action against the Blue Division, the [[Red Army]] suffered 49,300 casualties.
{{See also|Francoist Spain}}
|-
||[[イディ・アミン]]
||{{nts|100000}}<ref name="Ullman1978">{{Cite journal2|last=Ullman|first=Richard H.|date=April 1978|title=Human Rights and Economic Power: The United States Versus Idi Amin|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/uganda/1978-04-01/human-rights-and-economic-power-united-states-versus-idi-amin |journal=[[Foreign Affairs]] |quote=The most conservative estimates by informed observers hold that President Idi Amin Dada and the terror squads operating under his loose direction have killed 100,000 Ugandans in the seven years he has held power. |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004030728/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/uganda/1978-04-01/human-rights-and-economic-power-united-states-versus-idi-amin |archivedate=October 4, 2015 |accessdate=November 14, 2019}}</ref><ref name="guardian_obit">{{Cite news2|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/aug/18/guardianobituaries|title=Obituary: Idi Amin|last=Keatley|first=Patrick|date=August 18, 2003|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=March 18, 2008|location=London}}</ref>
||{{nts|500000}}
||{{nts|223607}}
||ウガンダ
|| 1971
|| 1979
|8 years
||[[Idi Amin]]'s rule of [[Uganda]] saw excessive and egregious human rights abuses toward ethnic minorities and political opposition, earning him the nickname "The Butcher of Uganda."
|-
||[[ヨシップ・ブロズ・チトー]]
||{{nts|60000}}<ref>{{Cite book2|title=Dark Continent|last1=Mazower|first1=Mark|isbn=978-0-14-024159-4|page=235|year=1999}}</ref>
||{{nts|802000}}<ref>{{Cite web2|url=https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB9.1.GIF |title=Data |publisher=www.hawaii.edu |date= |accessdate=2019-11-20}}</ref>
||{{nts|219363}}
||ユーゴスラビア
||1944
||1980
|36 years
|
|-
|[[オリバー・クロムウェル]]
|250,000
|260,000
|254,951
|[[アイルランド島]]
|1653
|1658
|3 years
|「[[クロムウェルのアイルランド侵略]]」も参照
|-
|[[アブー・バクル・アル＝バグダーディー]]
| colspan="3" |232,500+
|イラク
|2014
|2019
|5 years
|「[[イスラム国家|イスラム国]]」、「[[イラクでの戦い (2013–2017年)|イラクでの戦い（2013-2017年）]]」も参照
|-
|[[李承晩]]
| colspan="3" |200,00+
|大韓民国
|1919
|1960
|41 years
|｢[[保導連盟事件]]」も参照
|-
|[[クラウディウス]]
|13{{nts|2935}}<ref name="romnec2">{{Cite web2 |title=Atrocity statistics from the Roman Era |url=http://necrometrics.com/romestat.htm |accessdate=August 2, 2018 |website=necrometrics.com}}</ref>
|29{{nts|2935}}
|197,336
|古代ローマ
|41
|54
|13 years
|　左の推定価は、彼の始めた[[:en:Roman_conquest_of_Britain|ブリテン島の征服(英語版)]]によるものも含む
|-
|[[ハリー・S・トルーマン|ハリー･S･トルーマン]]
|150,000<ref name=":95">{{Cite web |title=よくあるご質問 – 公益財団法人 放射線影響研究所 RERF |url=https://www.rerf.or.jp/faq/ |website=www.rerf.or.jp |access-date=2024-09-17}}</ref>
|246,000<ref name=":95" />
|192,094
|アメリカ
|1945
|1953
|8 years
|｢[[日本への原子爆弾投下]]」を参照
|-
|[[フェルディナント (ブルガリア王)|フェルディナント]]
| colspan="3" |187,500
|[[ブルガリア公国|ブルガリア]]
|1887
|1918
|28 tears
|第一次世界大戦参戦による自国での死者
|-
||[[ゲオルゲ・ゲオルギュ＝デジ]]
||{{nts|60000}}<ref name="Valentino 2005 p. 75">Valentino (2005) Final solutions Table 2 found at pg. 75.</ref>
||{{nts|435000}}<ref name="communistkills">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.scottmanning.com/content/communist-body-count|title=Communist Body Count |date=December 4, 2006|publisher=scottmanning.com}}</ref>
||{{nts|161555}}
||ルーマニア
||1945
||1989
|44 years
||　左の推定は、彼が体制を整えた[[ルーマニア共産党]]政権によるルーマニアの支配によって犠牲となった人の数をすべて含む。
|-
||[[イヴァン4世]]
||{{nts|60000}}<ref name="Ivan">{{Cite web2|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#IvanT|title=Twentieth Century Atlas – Historical Body Count|website=necrometrics.com |access-date=2023-10-06}}</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}
||{{nts|260000}}<ref>{{Cite web2 |last1=Rummel |first1=Rudolph |title=Pre-20th Century Democide – Estimates, Sources, and Calculations |url=https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB2.1B.GIF |publisher=(Line 642+645) |accessdate=June 12, 2019}}</ref>
||{{nts|124900}}
||[[ロシア帝国]]
||1533
||1584
|51 years
||
|-
||[[モハメド・シアド・バーレ]]
||{{nts|50000}}
||{{nts|200000}}
||{{nts|100000}}
||ソマリア
||1988
||1991
|3 years
||See also: [[Isaaq genocide]]
|-
|フエン・トン・バット
[[:en:Huỳnh_Tấn_Phát|英語版]]
|95,000<ref>[https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB6.1B.GIF SOD.TAB6.1B.GIF (899×5387) (hawaii.edu)]line.675</ref>
|95,000
|95,000
|[[南ベトナム共和国|南ベトナム]]
|1975
|1976
|1 years
|「[[再教育キャンプ]]」も参照
|-
|[[聖宗 (遼)|聖宗]]
| colspan="3" |90,000+
|[[契丹]]
(中国北東部)
|982
|1031
|49 years
|「[[契丹の高麗侵攻]]」も参照
|-
||[[ジャン＝ベデル・ボカサ]]
| colspan="3"|{{nts|90000}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=From Stalin to Hitler, the most murderous regimes in the world |url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-2091670/Hitler-Stalin-The-murderous-regimes-world.html |website=Mail Online |date=2014-10-07 |access-date=2024-08-30 |first=Nigel |last=Jones}}</ref>
||[[中央アフリカ共和国]]
||1966
||1976
|10 years
||
|-
||[[サルマーン・ビン・アブドゥルアズィーズ|サルマン国王]]
||{{nts|85000}}<ref>{{Cite news2|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/21/yemen-young-children-dead-starvation-disease-save-the-children|title=Yemen: up to 85,000 young children dead from starvation|last=McKernan|first=Bethan|date=November 21, 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=November 22, 2018}}</ref>
||{{nts|85000}}
||{{nts|85000}}
||サウジアラビア
||2016
||present
||3 years
||See also: [[Famine in Yemen (2016–present)|Famine in Yemen]]
|-
||[[ヴルコ・チェルヴェンコフ]]
||{{nts|31000}}<ref name="Sofia 2010">Hanna Arendt Center in Sofia, with Dinyu Sharlanov and Venelin I. Ganev. Crimes Committed by the Communist Regime in Bulgaria. Country report. "Crimes of the Communist Regimes" Conference. February 24–26, 2010, Prague.</ref><ref name=":83">Шарланов, Диню. История на комунизма в Булгария: Комунизирането на Булгариия. Сиела, 2009; {{ISBN2|978-954-28-0543-4}}.</ref>
||{{nts|220000}}<ref name="communistkills" />
||{{nts|81240}}
||ブルガリア
||1944
||1954
|5 years
||　左の推定は、彼が体制を整えた[[ブルガリア共産党]]政権によるブルガリアの支配によって犠牲となった人の数をすべて含む。
|-
||[[ヘンリー8世 (イングランド王)|ヘンリー8世]]
||{{nts|72000}}<ref>{{Cite web2 |last1=Barksdale |first1=Nate |title=8 Things You May Not Know About Henry VIII |url=https://www.history.com/news/8-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-henry-viii |date=2014-12-16 |website=History Channel |access-date=2018-11-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130071655/https://www.history.com/news/8-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-henry-viii |archive-date=2018-11-30}}</ref>
||{{nts|72000}}
||{{nts|72000}}
||イングランド
||1509
||1547
|38 years
||
|-
|[[徳川家康]]
|30,350
|162,600
|70,249
|日本
|1600
|1616
|6 years
|彼が主導した戦いによる死者数
・[[関ヶ原の戦い]](諸説あり)
12,000<ref>『開原始未記』</ref>-42,600<ref>『開原軍記大成』</ref>　<ref>『関原合戦記』</ref>

・[[大坂の陣]]
[https://news.yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/3aa60622b2852fc48c525b4e310cb9e3406718f4#:~:text=慶長２０年（１６１５）５月、大坂城は徳川軍の猛攻により、ついに落城した（大坂夏の陣）。%20これにより豊臣秀頼と母の淀殿は自害し、豊臣氏は滅亡した。,大坂城落城後は、さながらの地獄絵図のようだった。%20『長沢聞書』という史料によると、豊臣方の死者の数は１８，３５０人と伝えている。%20これに対して、『慶元イギリス書翰』は１２万人、『日本キリシタン宗門史』には１０万人という数が記されている。 18,350-120,000]
|-
|[[ヴァルター・ウルブリヒト|ウォルター・ウルブリヒト]]
|70,000<ref name=":90" />
|70,000<ref name=":90" />
|70,000
|東ドイツ
|1950
|1971
|21 years
|　左の推定は、彼が体制を整えた[[ドイツ社会主義統一党]]政権による東ドイツの支配によって犠牲となった人の数をすべて含む。
|-
||[[ヴラド・ツェペシュ|ヴラド3世]]
||{{nts|43903}}<ref>{{Cite book2|author=Miranda Twiss|title=The most evil men and women in history|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RMZfykEKQwgC|date=January 1, 2002|publisher=Barnes & Noble Books|isbn=978-0-7607-3496-4|page=71}}</ref><ref name="p. 99">Stoicescu, ''Vlad Țepeș'' p. 99</ref>
||{{nts|100000}}<ref>{{Cite web2 |title=27 Bloodthirsty Facts About Vlad the Impaler |url=https://www.factinate.com/people/27-bloodthirsty-facts-vlad-impaler/ |website=Factinate|date=December 5, 2017 |access-date=2019-03-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308002936/https://www.factinate.com/people/27-bloodthirsty-facts-vlad-impaler/ |archive-date=2019-03-08}}</ref>
||{{nts|66259}}
||[[ワラキア]]
||1456
||1462
|6 years
||
|-
||[[クレメント・ゴットワルト]]
||{{nts|65000}}<ref name="communistkills" />
||{{nts|65000}}<ref name="communistkills" />
||{{nts|65000}}
||[[チェコスロバキア]]
||1948
||1968
|20 years
||　左の推定は、彼が主導した[[1948年のチェコスロバキア政変|1948年の政変]]によって成立した[[チェコスロバキア共産党|共産主義体制]]による犠牲者をすべて含む。
|-
||[[フランシスコ・マシアス・ンゲマ]]
||{{nts|50000}}<ref name="Pariah">{{Cite news2|url=http://www.dangardner.ca/Featnov605.html|title=The Pariah President: Teodoro Obiang is a brutal dictator responsible for thousands of deaths. So why is he treated like an elder statesman on the world stage?|last=Gardner|first=Dan|date=November 6, 2005|work=The Ottawa Citizen|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612161320/http://www.dangardner.ca/Featnov605.html|archivedate=June 12, 2008}}</ref>
||{{nts|80000}}<ref name="Pariah" />
||{{nts|63246}}
||[[赤道ギニア]]
||1968
||1979
|11 years
||Macías Nguema is regarded as one of the most [[kleptocracy|kleptocratic]], corrupt, and dictatorial leaders in post-colonial African history. Sources vary, but he was responsible for the deaths of anywhere from 50,000 to 80,000 of the 300,000 to 400,000 people living in the country at the time.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
||[[ラファエル・トルヒーヨ]]
||{{nts|50000}}<ref name="lalupa">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.lalupa.com.do/2012/10/la-matanza-de-1937/|title=La matanza de 1937 – La Lupa Sin Trabas|access-date=2013-12-03|work=La Lupa Sin Trabas|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001432/http://www.lalupa.com.do/2012/10/la-matanza-de-1937|archivedate=December 3, 2013}}</ref><ref name="harvp">{{harvp|Capdevilla|1998}}</ref><ref name="ErPaul">{{Cite journal2|author=Eric Paul Roorda|year=1996|title=Genocide next door: the Good Neighbor policy, the Trujillo regime, and the Haitian massacre of 1937|journal=Diplomatic History|volume=20|issue=3|pages=301–19|doi=10.1111/j.1467-7709.1996.tb00269.x}}</ref>
||{{nts|50000}}<ref name="lalupa" /><ref name="harvp" /><ref name="ErPaul" />
||{{nts|50000}}
||[[ドミニカ共和国]]
||1930
||1938
|8 years
||
|-
||[[フランソワ・デュヴァリエ]]
||{{nts|30000}}<ref name="Greene 2001">{{Cite book2|last=Greene|first=Anne|title=Dominican Republic and Haiti|chapter=Haiti: Historical Setting §&nbsp;François Duvalier, 1957–71|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/dominicanrepubli00metz#page/288|date=2001|url=https://archive.org/details/dominicanrepubli00libr/page/288|pages=[https://archive.org/details/dominicanrepubli00libr/page/288 288–289]|editor-last=Metz|editor-first=Helen Chapin|series=Country Studies|others=Research completed December 1999|edition=3rd|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=Federal Research Division, Library of Congress|isbn=978-0-8444-1044-9|issn=1057-5294|lccn=2001023524|oclc=46321054|quote=President Duvalier reigned supreme for fourteen years. Even in Haiti, where dictators had been the norm, François&nbsp;Duvalier gave new meaning to the term. Duvalier and his henchmen killed between 30,000 and 60,000 Haitians. The victims were not only political opponents, but women, whole families, whole towns.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;. In April 1963, when an army officer suspected of trying to kidnap two of Duvalier's children took refuge in the Dominican chancery, Duvalier ordered the Presidential&nbsp;Guard to occupy the building. The Dominicans were incensed; President [[Juan&nbsp;Bosch&nbsp;Gaviño]] ordered troops to the border and threatened to invade. However, the Dominican commanders were reluctant to enter Haiti, and Bosch was obliged to turn to the {{bracket|[[Organization of American States]]}} to settle the matter.|mode=cs1}}</ref>
||{{nts|60000}}<ref name="Greene 2001" />
||{{nts|42426}}
||[[ハイチ]]
||1957
||1971
|14 years
|| Duvalier's rule based on a purged military, a rural militia known as the {{nowrap|[[Tonton Macoute]]}}, and the use of [[cult of personality]], resulted in the murder of 30,000 to 60,000 Haitians, and the exile of many more.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}
|-
||[[イッセン・ハブレ]]
||{{nts|40000}}
||{{nts|40000}}
||{{nts|40000}}
||[[チャド]]
||1982
||1990
|8 years
||In May 2016, [[Hissène Habré]] was found guilty of human-rights abuses, including rape, [[sexual slavery]], and ordering the killing of 40,000 people. He was sentenced to life in prison. He is the first former head of state to be convicted for human rights abuses in the court of another nation.<ref name="the Economist">{{Cite news2|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21699871-hissene-habr-first-ex-head-state-be-convicted-another-nations|title=Chad's former president has been found guilty of crimes against humanity. Who's next?|date=June 1, 2016|work=[[エコノミスト|The Economist]]|accessdate=June 2, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|[[ティベリウス]]
| colspan="3" |38,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atrocity statistics from the Roman Era |url=https://necrometrics.com/romestat.htm |website=necrometrics.com |access-date=2024-08-30}}</ref>
|[[古代ローマ]]
|14
|37
|23 years
|
|-
|[[松倉勝家]]
|28,130
|42,712
|34,662
|[[島原藩]]
([[江戸幕府]])
|1630
|1638
|8 years
|「[[島原の乱]]」も参照
|-
||[[フィデル・カストロ|フェデル・カストロ]]
||{{nts|9240}}<ref name="cuba">"It has so far verified the names of 9,240 victims of the Castro regime and the circumstances of their deaths. Archive researchers meticulously insist on confirming stories of official murder from two independent sources.
<br />[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB113590852154334404 Cuba Archive President Maria Werlau says the total number of victims could be higher by a factor of 10."]</ref>
||{{nts|92400}}<ref name="cuba" />
||{{nts|29219}}
||キューバ
||1961
||2006
|45 years
||Human rights in Cuba are under the scrutiny of [[Human Rights Watch]], which accuses the [[Cuba]]n government of systematic human rights abuses. This includes offenses such as [[arbitrary imprisonment]], unfair trials, and [[extrajudicial execution]].<ref name="cidh.org">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.cidh.org/countryrep/Cuba67sp/indice.htm|title=Information about human rights in Cuba|date=April 7, 1967|publisher=Comision Interamericana de Derechos Humanos|language=Spanish|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614143826/http://www.cidh.org/countryrep/Cuba67sp/indice.htm|archivedate=June 14, 2006|url-status=dead|accessdate=July 9, 2006}}</ref><ref name="Castro sued over alleged torture">{{Cite web2|url=http://newsfromrussia.com/world/2005/11/16/67822.html|title=Castro sued over alleged torture|date=November 16, 2005|publisher=News from Russia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060214150400/http://newsfromrussia.com/world/2005/11/16/67822.html|archive-date=February 14, 2006|url-status=dead|accessdate=July 9, 2006}}</ref> 
|-
||[[ルーホッラー・ホメイニー|ホメイニ師]]
||{{nts|10482}}
||{{nts|48000}}
||{{nts|22431}}
||イラン
||1979
||1989
|10 years
||4,482 to 30,000 in P.O.C. massacre<br />6,000 to 18,000 child soldiers killed<br />(refer to earlier tables on page)
|-
||[[ボレスワフ・ビェルト|ボレスワフ・ビエルト]]
||{{nts|22000}}<ref name=":84">{{Cite web2|url=http://www.communistcrimes.org/en/Database/Poland/Poland-Communist-Era|title=CommunistCrimes.org – Poland: Communist Era|website=www.communistcrimes.org|accessdate=May 8, 2019}}</ref>
||{{nts|22000}}
||{{nts|22000}}
||[[ポーランド人民共和国]]
||1948
||1956
|44 years
||[[ポーランド統一労働者党]]初代党首
左の推定は、民主化(1987年)までのすべての犠牲者も含む。
|-
||[[トマス・デ・トルケマダ]]
||{{nts|2000}}<ref>{{Cite book2 |last1=Murphy |first1=Cullen |title=God's Jury: The Inquisition and the Making of the Modern World |publisher=HMH |isbn=978-0-618-09156-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/godsjuryinquisit0000murp/page/10 10] |url=https://archive.org/details/godsjuryinquisit0000murp |url-access=registration |quote=2,000 people. |accessdate=June 18, 2019|date=January 17, 2012}}</ref>
||{{nts|124621}}<ref>{{Cite web2 |last1=Rummel |first1=Rudolph |title=Pre-20th Century Democide – Estimates, Sources, and Calculations |url=https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB2.1A.GIF |website=(Line 20) |accessdate=June 18, 2019}}</ref>
||{{nts|15787}}
||[[スペイン帝国]]
||1480
||1498
|18 years
||Minimum death toll only includes lowest estimate of those [[Death by burning|burned at the stake]], whereas the maximum death toll also includes those who died from [[Starvation|hunger]] and [[torture]].
|-
||[[ラーコシ・マーチャーシュ]]
||2{{nts|7000}}
||{{nts|27000}}<ref name="communistkills" />
||{{nts|13748}}
||[[ハンガリー]]
||1948
||1956
|8 years
||150,000 perished in [[concentration camps]], and only counts the 5,000 alleged spies and 2,000 party members executed, noting that 5,000 spies came from only 98,000 out of 700,000 alleged spies.<ref name="bideleux476">{{Harvnb|Bideleux|Jeffries|2007|p=477}}</ref><ref name="crampton267">{{Harvnb|Crampton|1997|p=267}}</ref>「[[ハンガリー共産党]]」も参照
|-
||[[エンヴェル・ホッジャ]]
||{{nts|5000}}
||{{nts|28000}}
||{{nts|11832}}
||[[アルバニア]]
||1941
||1985
|44 years
||
|-
||[[ダニエル・フランソワ・マラン]]
||{{nts|18997}}<ref>{{Cite web2|url=http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat6.htm|title=Minor Atrocities of the Twentieth Century|last=White|first=Matthew|date=July 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520135535/http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat6.htm|archive-date=May 20, 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=May 20, 2018}}</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}
||{{nts|21000}}
||{{nts|19999}}
||[[南アフリカ共和国|南アフリカ]]
||1948
||1954
|6 years
||　左の推定は、彼が確立させた[[アパルトヘイト|アパルトヘイト政策]]による犠牲者数の推定。
|-
||[[フェルディナンド・マルコス]]
||{{nts|3257}}<ref>Rachel A.G. Reyes, [http://www.manilatimes.net/3257-fact-checking-the-marcos-killings-1975-1985/255735 "Fact checking the Marcos killings, 1975–1985"], manilatimes.net, April 12, 2016.</ref>
||{{nts|80000}}<ref>{{Cite web2|url=https://www.esquiremag.ph/politics/opinion/martial-law-tallies-a1576-20160924-lfrm4|title=The tallies of Martial Law|website=Esquiremag.ph|access-date=2019-12-12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212051424/https://www.esquiremag.ph/politics/opinion/martial-law-tallies-a1576-20160924-lfrm4|archive-date=2019-12-12}}</ref>
||{{nts|16142}}
||[[Philippines]]
||1965
||1986
|21 years
||The conservative estimate is recorded from 1975 to 1985, while the maximum estimate is recorded from 1965 to 1976. Also Includes those from the [[Moro conflict]].
|-
||[[ティベリウス]]
||{{nts|9500}}<ref name="romnec">{{Cite web2|url=http://necrometrics.com/romestat.htm|title=Atrocity statistics from the Roman Era|website=necrometrics.com|accessdate=August 2, 2018}}</ref><wbr />{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}}
||{{nts|9500}}
||{{nts|9500}}
||古代ローマ
||14
||37
|23 years
||
|-
||[[カリグラ]]
||{{nts|9000}}<ref name="romnec" />
||{{nts|9000}}
||{{nts|9000}}
||古代ローマ
||37
||41
|4 years
||
|-
||[[ジョニー・ポール・コロマ]]
||{{nts|6000}}<ref name="romnec" />
||{{nts|6000}}
||{{nts|6000}}
||[[シエラレオネ]]
||1997
||1998
|1 year
||
|-
||[[ネロ]]
||{{nts|5750}}<ref name="romnec" />
||{{nts|5750}}
||{{nts|5750}}
||古代ローマ
||54
||68
|14 years
||
|}

== 脚注 ==
{{脚注ヘルプ}}
=== 注釈 ===
{{Notelist}}

=== 出典 ===
{{Reflist|20em}}

==関連項目==
*{{仮リンク|自然災害による死者数一覧|en|List of natural disasters by death toll}}
* [[戦闘の死傷者数一覧]]

==外部リンク==
{{commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080330210330/http://www.historynet.com/wars_conflicts/world_war_2/3037296.html Soviet Prisoners of War: Forgotten Nazi Victims of World War II]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120828194552/http://www.airdisaster.com/features/top100/top100.shtml Top 100 aviation disasters] on [[:en:Airdisaster.com|AirDisaster.com]]
<!--{{Massacres}}-->

<references group="注釈" />

{{DEFAULTSORT:しんいてきなよういんいよるししやすういちらん}}
[[Category:事件の一覧]]
[[Category:事故の一覧]]
[[Category:人的災害]]
[[Category:歴史の一覧]]